The effects of non Bunch-Davies initial conditions on gravitationally produced relics
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866911483575664640 |
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| author | Bertuzzo, Enrico Salla, Gabriel M. Tesi, Andrea |
| author_facet | Bertuzzo, Enrico Salla, Gabriel M. Tesi, Andrea |
| contents | Typical gravitational production of relics from amplification of inflationary perturbations assumes Bunch-Davies initial conditions, i.e. a vacuum with initially no particles. In this paper we investigate the impact of non Bunch-Davies initial conditions to the final abundance of relics, with particular attention to the parameter space where the total dark matter abundance is reproduced. We present a general framework for any initial condition, through which we show their non-trivial effect on both spectrum and late-time abundance. We argue that for particles whose source of conformal symmetry breaking comes only from a mass term (spin-1/2 fermions and conformally coupled scalars), the choice of initial conditions has little impact on the mass range relevant to dark matter. For other particles, e.g. the longitudinal mode of spin-1, we see a large deviation from the standard computation. We exemplify and quantify our results with an initial thermal state and a two-stage inflation scenario, highlighting that the total dark matter can be obtained for a wide range of masses. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_03430 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The effects of non Bunch-Davies initial conditions on gravitationally produced relics Bertuzzo, Enrico Salla, Gabriel M. Tesi, Andrea General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Typical gravitational production of relics from amplification of inflationary perturbations assumes Bunch-Davies initial conditions, i.e. a vacuum with initially no particles. In this paper we investigate the impact of non Bunch-Davies initial conditions to the final abundance of relics, with particular attention to the parameter space where the total dark matter abundance is reproduced. We present a general framework for any initial condition, through which we show their non-trivial effect on both spectrum and late-time abundance. We argue that for particles whose source of conformal symmetry breaking comes only from a mass term (spin-1/2 fermions and conformally coupled scalars), the choice of initial conditions has little impact on the mass range relevant to dark matter. For other particles, e.g. the longitudinal mode of spin-1, we see a large deviation from the standard computation. We exemplify and quantify our results with an initial thermal state and a two-stage inflation scenario, highlighting that the total dark matter can be obtained for a wide range of masses. |
| title | The effects of non Bunch-Davies initial conditions on gravitationally produced relics |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03430 |