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Main Authors: Hao, Haochang, Xu, Yifan, Li, Xinzhuo, Ge, Yingqiang, Cheng, Lu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03536
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author Hao, Haochang
Xu, Yifan
Li, Xinzhuo
Ge, Yingqiang
Cheng, Lu
author_facet Hao, Haochang
Xu, Yifan
Li, Xinzhuo
Ge, Yingqiang
Cheng, Lu
contents Current LLM-based conversational recommender systems (CRS) primarily optimize recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction. We identify an underexplored vulnerability in which recommendation outputs may negatively impact users by violating personalized safety constraints, when individualized safety sensitivities -- such as trauma triggers, self-harm history, or phobias -- are implicitly inferred from the conversation but not respected during recommendation. We formalize this challenge as personalized CRS safety and introduce SafeRec, a new benchmark dataset designed to systematically evaluate safety risks in LLM-based CRS under user-specific constraints. To further address this problem, we propose SafeCRS, a safety-aware training framework that integrates Safe Supervised Fine-Tuning (Safe-SFT) with Safe Group reward-Decoupled Normalization Policy Optimization (Safe-GDPO) to jointly optimize recommendation quality and personalized safety alignment. Extensive experiments on SafeRec demonstrate that SafeCRS reduces safety violation rates by up to 96.5% relative to the strongest recommendation-quality baseline while maintaining competitive recommendation quality. Warning: This paper contains potentially harmful and offensive content.
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publishDate 2026
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spellingShingle SafeCRS: Personalized Safety Alignment for LLM-Based Conversational Recommender Systems
Hao, Haochang
Xu, Yifan
Li, Xinzhuo
Ge, Yingqiang
Cheng, Lu
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Information Retrieval
Current LLM-based conversational recommender systems (CRS) primarily optimize recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction. We identify an underexplored vulnerability in which recommendation outputs may negatively impact users by violating personalized safety constraints, when individualized safety sensitivities -- such as trauma triggers, self-harm history, or phobias -- are implicitly inferred from the conversation but not respected during recommendation. We formalize this challenge as personalized CRS safety and introduce SafeRec, a new benchmark dataset designed to systematically evaluate safety risks in LLM-based CRS under user-specific constraints. To further address this problem, we propose SafeCRS, a safety-aware training framework that integrates Safe Supervised Fine-Tuning (Safe-SFT) with Safe Group reward-Decoupled Normalization Policy Optimization (Safe-GDPO) to jointly optimize recommendation quality and personalized safety alignment. Extensive experiments on SafeRec demonstrate that SafeCRS reduces safety violation rates by up to 96.5% relative to the strongest recommendation-quality baseline while maintaining competitive recommendation quality. Warning: This paper contains potentially harmful and offensive content.
title SafeCRS: Personalized Safety Alignment for LLM-Based Conversational Recommender Systems
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Information Retrieval
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03536