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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pessoa, Allison R., Possmayer, Thomas, Galindo, Jefferson A. O., Santos, Luiz F. dos, Gonçalves, Rogéria R., Menezes, Leonardo de S., Amaral, Anderson M.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03563
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author Pessoa, Allison R.
Possmayer, Thomas
Galindo, Jefferson A. O.
Santos, Luiz F. dos
Gonçalves, Rogéria R.
Menezes, Leonardo de S.
Amaral, Anderson M.
author_facet Pessoa, Allison R.
Possmayer, Thomas
Galindo, Jefferson A. O.
Santos, Luiz F. dos
Gonçalves, Rogéria R.
Menezes, Leonardo de S.
Amaral, Anderson M.
contents We present two independent optical methods for absolute primary thermometry using rare-earth-doped nanoparticles. Both approaches rely exclusively on the internal energy levels and population dynamics of the dopant ions, eliminating the need for external temperature references. We experimentally demonstrate the concepts by using Y$_2$O$_3$: Yb$^{3+}$/Er$^{3+}$ nanoparticles, exploiting Boltzmann distribution between individual Stark sublevels of the Er$^{3+}$ ions, emitting in the green spectral region ($\sim$550 nm) and in the near-infrared spectral region ($\sim$1600 nm). Our strategy establishes rare-earth-based luminescence thermometers as genuine absolute primary probes, conceptually comparable to Johnson noise and acoustic gas thermometers, but with the fundamental advantage of possibly being employed at the nanoscale, potentially down to the single-ion limit, with optical readout and over wide temperature ranges.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_03563
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Absolute Primary Nanothermometry Using Individual Stark Sublevels of Rare-Earth-doped Crystals
Pessoa, Allison R.
Possmayer, Thomas
Galindo, Jefferson A. O.
Santos, Luiz F. dos
Gonçalves, Rogéria R.
Menezes, Leonardo de S.
Amaral, Anderson M.
Chemical Physics
Materials Science
Optics
We present two independent optical methods for absolute primary thermometry using rare-earth-doped nanoparticles. Both approaches rely exclusively on the internal energy levels and population dynamics of the dopant ions, eliminating the need for external temperature references. We experimentally demonstrate the concepts by using Y$_2$O$_3$: Yb$^{3+}$/Er$^{3+}$ nanoparticles, exploiting Boltzmann distribution between individual Stark sublevels of the Er$^{3+}$ ions, emitting in the green spectral region ($\sim$550 nm) and in the near-infrared spectral region ($\sim$1600 nm). Our strategy establishes rare-earth-based luminescence thermometers as genuine absolute primary probes, conceptually comparable to Johnson noise and acoustic gas thermometers, but with the fundamental advantage of possibly being employed at the nanoscale, potentially down to the single-ion limit, with optical readout and over wide temperature ranges.
title Absolute Primary Nanothermometry Using Individual Stark Sublevels of Rare-Earth-doped Crystals
topic Chemical Physics
Materials Science
Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03563