Topological observables and domain wall tension from finite temperature chiral perturbation theory
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910040976261120 |
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| author | Lu, Zhen-Yan Tang, Quan Wang, Shu-Peng Huang, Yang Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Bonan |
| author_facet | Lu, Zhen-Yan Tang, Quan Wang, Shu-Peng Huang, Yang Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Bonan |
| contents | Within the framework of SU(2) chiral perturbation theory, we derive the general solution of the QCD $θ$-vacuum for an arbitrary vacuum phase, explicitly incorporating isospin-breaking effects from the light quark mass difference, and compute the temperature dependence of the topological susceptibility, higher-order cumulants, and the domain wall tension up to next-to-leading order. We find that the topological susceptibility agrees with lattice data at low temperatures but deviates at higher temperatures as expected from the breakdown of the chiral expansion; moreover, we demonstrate that the normalized fourth-order cumulant and the domain wall tension decrease monotonically with increasing temperature, while the normalized sixth-order cumulant exhibits the opposite behavior. These results extend earlier analyses by showing how isospin breaking reshapes the full hierarchy of topological charge cumulants and the dynamics of $θ$-vacuum domain walls, thereby offering new theoretical input on the $θ$-vacuum properties, which are relevant for axion-related effective theories in hot QCD matter. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_04116 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Topological observables and domain wall tension from finite temperature chiral perturbation theory Lu, Zhen-Yan Tang, Quan Wang, Shu-Peng Huang, Yang Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Bonan High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Theory Nuclear Theory Within the framework of SU(2) chiral perturbation theory, we derive the general solution of the QCD $θ$-vacuum for an arbitrary vacuum phase, explicitly incorporating isospin-breaking effects from the light quark mass difference, and compute the temperature dependence of the topological susceptibility, higher-order cumulants, and the domain wall tension up to next-to-leading order. We find that the topological susceptibility agrees with lattice data at low temperatures but deviates at higher temperatures as expected from the breakdown of the chiral expansion; moreover, we demonstrate that the normalized fourth-order cumulant and the domain wall tension decrease monotonically with increasing temperature, while the normalized sixth-order cumulant exhibits the opposite behavior. These results extend earlier analyses by showing how isospin breaking reshapes the full hierarchy of topological charge cumulants and the dynamics of $θ$-vacuum domain walls, thereby offering new theoretical input on the $θ$-vacuum properties, which are relevant for axion-related effective theories in hot QCD matter. |
| title | Topological observables and domain wall tension from finite temperature chiral perturbation theory |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Theory Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04116 |