Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wang, Jun, Sarlo, Rodrigo, Li, Suyi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04610
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866912943182970880
author Wang, Jun
Sarlo, Rodrigo
Li, Suyi
author_facet Wang, Jun
Sarlo, Rodrigo
Li, Suyi
contents Using floor vibrations to accurately predict occupants' footstep locations is essential for smart building operation and privacy-preserving indoor sensing. However, existing approaches are dominated by either physics-based models that rely on simplified wave propagation assumptions and careful calibration, or data-driven methods that require large labeled datasets and often lack robustness to subject and environmental variability. This work introduces a new approach by treating an instrumented building floor as a physical reservoir computer, whose intrinsic structural dynamics can perform nonlinear spatio-temporal computation and information extraction directly. Specifically, foot strike-induced floor vibrations recorded by a distributed accelerometer network are processed using a lightweight physical reservoir computing (PRC) pipeline consisting of short waveform extraction, root-mean-square (RMS) normalization, principal component analysis (PCA), and a weighted linear readout. Results of this study, involving 2 participants and 12 accelerometers, showed that RMS normalization and PCA projection successfully extracted occupant-invariant features from floor-vibration waveform data, enabling a single linear readout to predict foot-strike location across repeated traversals and participants. Sub-meter accuracy is achieved along the hallway direction with moderate sensing coverage, while cross-participant tests achieved meter-scale accuracy without subject-specific recalibration or retraining. These findings demonstrate that building-scale structures can function as capable physical reservoir computers for intelligent monitoring.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_04610
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Can a Building Work as a Reservoir: Footstep Localization with Embedded Accelerometer Networks
Wang, Jun
Sarlo, Rodrigo
Li, Suyi
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Using floor vibrations to accurately predict occupants' footstep locations is essential for smart building operation and privacy-preserving indoor sensing. However, existing approaches are dominated by either physics-based models that rely on simplified wave propagation assumptions and careful calibration, or data-driven methods that require large labeled datasets and often lack robustness to subject and environmental variability. This work introduces a new approach by treating an instrumented building floor as a physical reservoir computer, whose intrinsic structural dynamics can perform nonlinear spatio-temporal computation and information extraction directly. Specifically, foot strike-induced floor vibrations recorded by a distributed accelerometer network are processed using a lightweight physical reservoir computing (PRC) pipeline consisting of short waveform extraction, root-mean-square (RMS) normalization, principal component analysis (PCA), and a weighted linear readout. Results of this study, involving 2 participants and 12 accelerometers, showed that RMS normalization and PCA projection successfully extracted occupant-invariant features from floor-vibration waveform data, enabling a single linear readout to predict foot-strike location across repeated traversals and participants. Sub-meter accuracy is achieved along the hallway direction with moderate sensing coverage, while cross-participant tests achieved meter-scale accuracy without subject-specific recalibration or retraining. These findings demonstrate that building-scale structures can function as capable physical reservoir computers for intelligent monitoring.
title Can a Building Work as a Reservoir: Footstep Localization with Embedded Accelerometer Networks
topic Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04610