Autonomous Aerial Non-Destructive Testing: Ultrasound Inspection with a Commercial Quadrotor in an Unstructured Environment

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Veenstra, Ruben, Bazzana, Barbara, Smits, Sander, Franchi, Antonio
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Veenstra, Ruben
Bazzana, Barbara
Smits, Sander
Franchi, Antonio
author_facet Veenstra, Ruben
Bazzana, Barbara
Smits, Sander
Franchi, Antonio
contents This work presents an integrated control and software architecture that enables arguably the first fully autonomous, contact-based non-destructive testing (NDT) using a commercial multirotor originally restricted to remotely-piloted operations. To allow autonomous operation with an off-the-shelf platform, we developed a real-time framework that interfaces directly with its onboard sensor suite. The architecture features a multi-rate control scheme: low-level control is executed at 200 Hz, force estimation at 100 Hz, while an admittance filter and trajectory planner operate at 50 Hz, ultimately supplying acceleration and yaw rate commands to the internal flight controller. We validate the system through physical experiments on a Flyability Elios 3 quadrotor equipped with an ultrasound payload. Relying exclusively on onboard sensing, the vehicle successfully performs autonomous NDT measurements within an unstructured, industrial-like environment. This work demonstrates the viability of retrofitting off-the-shelf platforms for autonomous physical interaction, paving the way for safe, contact-based inspection of hazardous and confined infrastructure.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_04642
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Autonomous Aerial Non-Destructive Testing: Ultrasound Inspection with a Commercial Quadrotor in an Unstructured Environment
Veenstra, Ruben
Bazzana, Barbara
Smits, Sander
Franchi, Antonio
Robotics
This work presents an integrated control and software architecture that enables arguably the first fully autonomous, contact-based non-destructive testing (NDT) using a commercial multirotor originally restricted to remotely-piloted operations. To allow autonomous operation with an off-the-shelf platform, we developed a real-time framework that interfaces directly with its onboard sensor suite. The architecture features a multi-rate control scheme: low-level control is executed at 200 Hz, force estimation at 100 Hz, while an admittance filter and trajectory planner operate at 50 Hz, ultimately supplying acceleration and yaw rate commands to the internal flight controller. We validate the system through physical experiments on a Flyability Elios 3 quadrotor equipped with an ultrasound payload. Relying exclusively on onboard sensing, the vehicle successfully performs autonomous NDT measurements within an unstructured, industrial-like environment. This work demonstrates the viability of retrofitting off-the-shelf platforms for autonomous physical interaction, paving the way for safe, contact-based inspection of hazardous and confined infrastructure.
title Autonomous Aerial Non-Destructive Testing: Ultrasound Inspection with a Commercial Quadrotor in an Unstructured Environment
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04642