Coupled charm and charmonium transport in a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma
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arXiv
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2026
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| author | Fu, Kaiyu Wu, Biaogang Rapp, Ralf |
| author_facet | Fu, Kaiyu Wu, Biaogang Rapp, Ralf |
| contents | The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a strongly coupled medium in which both open and hidden charm particles experience substantial nonperturbative interactions. This poses a major challenge for a quantitative description of charmonium transport in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, as it requires a mutually consistent treatment of pertinent transport coefficients. In this work, we present a coupled charm-charmonium transport framework for a strongly coupled QGP based on thermodynamic $T$-matrix interactions with recent constraints from Wilson-line correlators (WLCs) computed in lattice QCD. For the first time, the same underlying heavy-light interactions and in-medium spectral functions are used to self-consistently evaluate charm-quark diffusion and charmonium kinetics. In particular, the charmonium equilibrium limit, a critical transport parameter for regeneration, is evaluated in the presence of broad spectral functions. Charm-quark diffusion is simulated via Langevin dynamics and coupled to a Boltzmann equation for charmonium dissociation and regeneration. The equilibrium limit of the statistical model is recovered once charm quarks thermalize, and its extension to describe off-equilibrium is constructed. Preliminary applications to charmonium observables in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC capture the measured centrality and momentum dependence fairly well. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_04674 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Coupled charm and charmonium transport in a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma Fu, Kaiyu Wu, Biaogang Rapp, Ralf Nuclear Theory The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a strongly coupled medium in which both open and hidden charm particles experience substantial nonperturbative interactions. This poses a major challenge for a quantitative description of charmonium transport in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, as it requires a mutually consistent treatment of pertinent transport coefficients. In this work, we present a coupled charm-charmonium transport framework for a strongly coupled QGP based on thermodynamic $T$-matrix interactions with recent constraints from Wilson-line correlators (WLCs) computed in lattice QCD. For the first time, the same underlying heavy-light interactions and in-medium spectral functions are used to self-consistently evaluate charm-quark diffusion and charmonium kinetics. In particular, the charmonium equilibrium limit, a critical transport parameter for regeneration, is evaluated in the presence of broad spectral functions. Charm-quark diffusion is simulated via Langevin dynamics and coupled to a Boltzmann equation for charmonium dissociation and regeneration. The equilibrium limit of the statistical model is recovered once charm quarks thermalize, and its extension to describe off-equilibrium is constructed. Preliminary applications to charmonium observables in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC capture the measured centrality and momentum dependence fairly well. |
| title | Coupled charm and charmonium transport in a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma |
| topic | Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04674 |