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Euclid: A blue galaxy population and a brightest cluster galaxy in the making in a $z\sim1.74$ MaDCoWS2 galaxy cluster candidate

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Main Authors:	Trudeau, A., Gonzalez, A. H., Stanford, S. A., Shamyati, S., Taamoli, S., Stern, D., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Mobasher, B., Thongkham, K., Altieri, B., Andreon, S., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Biviano, A., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Camera, S., Cañas-Herrera, G., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Chambers, K. C., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dole, H., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Escoffier, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Faustini, F., Ferriol, S., Finelli, F., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., George, K., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gracia-Carpio, J., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R. J., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mora, A., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Tessore, N., Toft, S., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Vassallo, T., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zucca, E., García-Bellido, J., Maturi, M., Scottez, V., Sereno, M.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2026
Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics 85A99
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Trudeau, A. Gonzalez, A. H. Stanford, S. A. Shamyati, S. Taamoli, S. Stern, D. Eisenhardt, P. R. M. Mobasher, B. Thongkham, K. Altieri, B. Andreon, S. Baccigalupi, C. Baldi, M. Balestra, A. Bardelli, S. Biviano, A. Branchini, E. Brescia, M. Camera, S. Cañas-Herrera, G. Capobianco, V. Carbone, C. Carretero, J. Casas, S. Castellano, M. Castignani, G. Cavuoti, S. Chambers, K. C. Cimatti, A. Colodro-Conde, C. Congedo, G. Conselice, C. J. Conversi, L. Copin, Y. Courbin, F. Courtois, H. M. Cropper, M. Da Silva, A. Degaudenzi, H. De Lucia, G. Dole, H. Douspis, M. Dubath, F. Duncan, C. A. J. Dupac, X. Dusini, S. Escoffier, S. Fabricius, M. Farina, M. Faustini, F. Ferriol, S. Finelli, F. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Fumana, M. Galeotta, S. George, K. Gillis, B. Giocoli, C. Gracia-Carpio, J. Grazian, A. Grupp, F. Haugan, S. V. H. Holmes, W. Hormuth, F. Hornstrup, A. Jahnke, K. Jhabvala, M. Joachimi, B. Keihänen, E. Kermiche, S. Kilbinger, M. Kubik, B. Kümmel, M. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Brun, A. M. C. Le Mignant, D. Le Ligori, S. Lilje, P. B. Lindholm, V. Lloro, I. Mainetti, G. Maino, D. Maiorano, E. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, O. Martinelli, M. Martinet, N. Marulli, F. Massey, R. J. Maurogordato, S. Medinaceli, E. Mei, S. Mellier, Y. Meneghetti, M. Merlin, E. Meylan, G. Mora, A. Moscardini, L. Munari, E. Nakajima, R. Neissner, C. Niemi, S. -M. Padilla, C. Paltani, S. Pasian, F. Pedersen, K. Percival, W. J. Pettorino, V. Pires, S. Polenta, G. Poncet, M. Popa, L. A. Pozzetti, L. Raison, F. Renzi, A. Rhodes, J. Riccio, G. Romelli, E. Roncarelli, M. Saglia, R. Sakr, Z. Sapone, D. Sartoris, B. Schneider, P. Schrabback, T. Secroun, A. Seidel, G. Serrano, S. Sirignano, C. Sirri, G. Stanco, L. Steinwagner, J. Tallada-Crespí, P. Taylor, A. N. Teplitz, H. I. Tereno, I. Tessore, N. Toft, S. Toledo-Moreo, R. Torradeflot, F. Tutusaus, I. Valenziano, L. Valiviita, J. Vassallo, T. Wang, Y. Weller, J. Zamorani, G. Zerbi, F. M. Zucca, E. García-Bellido, J. Maturi, M. Scottez, V. Sereno, M.
author_facet	Trudeau, A. Gonzalez, A. H. Stanford, S. A. Shamyati, S. Taamoli, S. Stern, D. Eisenhardt, P. R. M. Mobasher, B. Thongkham, K. Altieri, B. Andreon, S. Baccigalupi, C. Baldi, M. Balestra, A. Bardelli, S. Biviano, A. Branchini, E. Brescia, M. Camera, S. Cañas-Herrera, G. Capobianco, V. Carbone, C. Carretero, J. Casas, S. Castellano, M. Castignani, G. Cavuoti, S. Chambers, K. C. Cimatti, A. Colodro-Conde, C. Congedo, G. Conselice, C. J. Conversi, L. Copin, Y. Courbin, F. Courtois, H. M. Cropper, M. Da Silva, A. Degaudenzi, H. De Lucia, G. Dole, H. Douspis, M. Dubath, F. Duncan, C. A. J. Dupac, X. Dusini, S. Escoffier, S. Fabricius, M. Farina, M. Faustini, F. Ferriol, S. Finelli, F. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Fumana, M. Galeotta, S. George, K. Gillis, B. Giocoli, C. Gracia-Carpio, J. Grazian, A. Grupp, F. Haugan, S. V. H. Holmes, W. Hormuth, F. Hornstrup, A. Jahnke, K. Jhabvala, M. Joachimi, B. Keihänen, E. Kermiche, S. Kilbinger, M. Kubik, B. Kümmel, M. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Brun, A. M. C. Le Mignant, D. Le Ligori, S. Lilje, P. B. Lindholm, V. Lloro, I. Mainetti, G. Maino, D. Maiorano, E. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, O. Martinelli, M. Martinet, N. Marulli, F. Massey, R. J. Maurogordato, S. Medinaceli, E. Mei, S. Mellier, Y. Meneghetti, M. Merlin, E. Meylan, G. Mora, A. Moscardini, L. Munari, E. Nakajima, R. Neissner, C. Niemi, S. -M. Padilla, C. Paltani, S. Pasian, F. Pedersen, K. Percival, W. J. Pettorino, V. Pires, S. Polenta, G. Poncet, M. Popa, L. A. Pozzetti, L. Raison, F. Renzi, A. Rhodes, J. Riccio, G. Romelli, E. Roncarelli, M. Saglia, R. Sakr, Z. Sapone, D. Sartoris, B. Schneider, P. Schrabback, T. Secroun, A. Seidel, G. Serrano, S. Sirignano, C. Sirri, G. Stanco, L. Steinwagner, J. Tallada-Crespí, P. Taylor, A. N. Teplitz, H. I. Tereno, I. Tessore, N. Toft, S. Toledo-Moreo, R. Torradeflot, F. Tutusaus, I. Valenziano, L. Valiviita, J. Vassallo, T. Wang, Y. Weller, J. Zamorani, G. Zerbi, F. M. Zucca, E. García-Bellido, J. Maturi, M. Scottez, V. Sereno, M.
contents	We present an example cluster follow-up study with Euclid. Our target, a $z\sim 1.74$ candidate cluster nicknamed the 'Puddle', was initially discovered by the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey 2 as a $z_\mathrm{phot}\sim 1.65$ candidate cluster. It was also detected independently as a $z_\mathrm{phot}\sim 1.5$ candidate with the two cluster-finding algorithms in Euclid Quick Release 1 (Q1). A Keck MOSFIRE spectrum shows the brightest nucleus is at $z=1.74$ and is dominated by an active galactic nucleus. Our analysis focused on the galaxy population and the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), and is based on Euclid and ancillary photometry. Compared to similar fields, we measured an overdensity of $110\pm 14$ galaxies with $H_\mathrm{E}\leq 22.25$ in a 2' radius around the BCG. About $18\pm 4$% of the completeness-corrected galaxy population is red, which is consistent with some clusters at $z>1.5$ but lower than others. Euclid imaging revealed that six or seven galaxies appear to be assembling to form the future BCG. Spectral energy distribution fitting suggests that the merging BCG has a stellar mass of $5.7\pm 0.3\times 10^{11}\,M_\odot$ and that it experienced a short burst of star formation $\sim 300\,$Myr ago. Its morphology and star-formation history suggest that the proto-BCG is a more evolved version of the merging core of SPT2349$-$56. These systems indicate that multiobject mergers might be a common BCG formation process. Assuming a similar density of mergers in the Euclid Wide Survey, we expect that Euclid will discover approximately 400 assembling BCGs by the end of its mission.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_04960
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2026
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Euclid: A blue galaxy population and a brightest cluster galaxy in the making in a $z\sim1.74$ MaDCoWS2 galaxy cluster candidate Trudeau, A. Gonzalez, A. H. Stanford, S. A. Shamyati, S. Taamoli, S. Stern, D. Eisenhardt, P. R. M. Mobasher, B. Thongkham, K. Altieri, B. Andreon, S. Baccigalupi, C. Baldi, M. Balestra, A. Bardelli, S. Biviano, A. Branchini, E. Brescia, M. Camera, S. Cañas-Herrera, G. Capobianco, V. Carbone, C. Carretero, J. Casas, S. Castellano, M. Castignani, G. Cavuoti, S. Chambers, K. C. Cimatti, A. Colodro-Conde, C. Congedo, G. Conselice, C. J. Conversi, L. Copin, Y. Courbin, F. Courtois, H. M. Cropper, M. Da Silva, A. Degaudenzi, H. De Lucia, G. Dole, H. Douspis, M. Dubath, F. Duncan, C. A. J. Dupac, X. Dusini, S. Escoffier, S. Fabricius, M. Farina, M. Faustini, F. Ferriol, S. Finelli, F. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Fumana, M. Galeotta, S. George, K. Gillis, B. Giocoli, C. Gracia-Carpio, J. Grazian, A. Grupp, F. Haugan, S. V. H. Holmes, W. Hormuth, F. Hornstrup, A. Jahnke, K. Jhabvala, M. Joachimi, B. Keihänen, E. Kermiche, S. Kilbinger, M. Kubik, B. Kümmel, M. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Brun, A. M. C. Le Mignant, D. Le Ligori, S. Lilje, P. B. Lindholm, V. Lloro, I. Mainetti, G. Maino, D. Maiorano, E. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, O. Martinelli, M. Martinet, N. Marulli, F. Massey, R. J. Maurogordato, S. Medinaceli, E. Mei, S. Mellier, Y. Meneghetti, M. Merlin, E. Meylan, G. Mora, A. Moscardini, L. Munari, E. Nakajima, R. Neissner, C. Niemi, S. -M. Padilla, C. Paltani, S. Pasian, F. Pedersen, K. Percival, W. J. Pettorino, V. Pires, S. Polenta, G. Poncet, M. Popa, L. A. Pozzetti, L. Raison, F. Renzi, A. Rhodes, J. Riccio, G. Romelli, E. Roncarelli, M. Saglia, R. Sakr, Z. Sapone, D. Sartoris, B. Schneider, P. Schrabback, T. Secroun, A. Seidel, G. Serrano, S. Sirignano, C. Sirri, G. Stanco, L. Steinwagner, J. Tallada-Crespí, P. Taylor, A. N. Teplitz, H. I. Tereno, I. Tessore, N. Toft, S. Toledo-Moreo, R. Torradeflot, F. Tutusaus, I. Valenziano, L. Valiviita, J. Vassallo, T. Wang, Y. Weller, J. Zamorani, G. Zerbi, F. M. Zucca, E. García-Bellido, J. Maturi, M. Scottez, V. Sereno, M. Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics 85A99 We present an example cluster follow-up study with Euclid. Our target, a $z\sim 1.74$ candidate cluster nicknamed the 'Puddle', was initially discovered by the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey 2 as a $z_\mathrm{phot}\sim 1.65$ candidate cluster. It was also detected independently as a $z_\mathrm{phot}\sim 1.5$ candidate with the two cluster-finding algorithms in Euclid Quick Release 1 (Q1). A Keck MOSFIRE spectrum shows the brightest nucleus is at $z=1.74$ and is dominated by an active galactic nucleus. Our analysis focused on the galaxy population and the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), and is based on Euclid and ancillary photometry. Compared to similar fields, we measured an overdensity of $110\pm 14$ galaxies with $H_\mathrm{E}\leq 22.25$ in a 2' radius around the BCG. About $18\pm 4$% of the completeness-corrected galaxy population is red, which is consistent with some clusters at $z>1.5$ but lower than others. Euclid imaging revealed that six or seven galaxies appear to be assembling to form the future BCG. Spectral energy distribution fitting suggests that the merging BCG has a stellar mass of $5.7\pm 0.3\times 10^{11}\,M_\odot$ and that it experienced a short burst of star formation $\sim 300\,$Myr ago. Its morphology and star-formation history suggest that the proto-BCG is a more evolved version of the merging core of SPT2349$-$56. These systems indicate that multiobject mergers might be a common BCG formation process. Assuming a similar density of mergers in the Euclid Wide Survey, we expect that Euclid will discover approximately 400 assembling BCGs by the end of its mission.
title	Euclid: A blue galaxy population and a brightest cluster galaxy in the making in a $z\sim1.74$ MaDCoWS2 galaxy cluster candidate
topic	Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics 85A99
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04960