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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rushing, Bonnie, Hersch, William, Xu, Shouhuai
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05222
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author Rushing, Bonnie
Hersch, William
Xu, Shouhuai
author_facet Rushing, Bonnie
Hersch, William
Xu, Shouhuai
contents Cognitive warfare has emerged as a central feature of modern conflict, yet it remains inconsistently defined and difficult to evaluate. Existing approaches often treat cognitive operations as a subset of information operations, limiting the ability to assess cognitive attacker-defender interactions or determine when advantage has been achieved. This article proposes a unified definition of cognitive warfare, introduces an interaction framework grounded in the OODA loop, and identifies measurable attributes associated with cognitive superiority. To illustrate the use of the framework, a notional case study demonstrates how these concepts can be applied to assess cognitive attacks and defenses in a contested environment. Thus, the framework provides joint force leaders and analysts with a practical foundation for understanding, comparing, and evaluating cognitive warfare campaigns.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05222
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Cognitive Warfare: Definition, Framework, and Case Study
Rushing, Bonnie
Hersch, William
Xu, Shouhuai
Social and Information Networks
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive warfare has emerged as a central feature of modern conflict, yet it remains inconsistently defined and difficult to evaluate. Existing approaches often treat cognitive operations as a subset of information operations, limiting the ability to assess cognitive attacker-defender interactions or determine when advantage has been achieved. This article proposes a unified definition of cognitive warfare, introduces an interaction framework grounded in the OODA loop, and identifies measurable attributes associated with cognitive superiority. To illustrate the use of the framework, a notional case study demonstrates how these concepts can be applied to assess cognitive attacks and defenses in a contested environment. Thus, the framework provides joint force leaders and analysts with a practical foundation for understanding, comparing, and evaluating cognitive warfare campaigns.
title Cognitive Warfare: Definition, Framework, and Case Study
topic Social and Information Networks
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05222