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Main Authors: Dmitrieva, Ekaterina, Satunin, Petr
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05338
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author Dmitrieva, Ekaterina
Satunin, Petr
author_facet Dmitrieva, Ekaterina
Satunin, Petr
contents We investigate the production of millicharged particles (mCPs) by the Schwinger mechanism in thunderstorms in the atmospheres of different planets in the Solar system. We consider a thundercloud as a giant capacitor that can be discharged in two ways: either by lightnings or by mCP production. Taking into account the observation of lightning strikes, we establish the constraints on the charge and mass of mCPs. We examine two types of cloud configurations: a simple arrangement of two clouds, and a more complex layered structure that gives rise to potential wells. In the latter case, we take into account the effects of Bose enhancement for scalar mCPs, and Pauli blocking for fermionic ones. We use the observational data of planetary atmospheres obtained by satellite missions to establish constraints on the charge and mass of mCP particles. The best constraints came from the observation of thunderstorms in Saturn's atmosphere under an assumption of layered cloud structure: $q > 10^{-24}$ for bosonic mCPs. These constraints for bosons are, to the best of our knowledge, the best in the literature.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05338
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Constraints on millicharged particles from thunderstorms on the Solar system planets
Dmitrieva, Ekaterina
Satunin, Petr
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
We investigate the production of millicharged particles (mCPs) by the Schwinger mechanism in thunderstorms in the atmospheres of different planets in the Solar system. We consider a thundercloud as a giant capacitor that can be discharged in two ways: either by lightnings or by mCP production. Taking into account the observation of lightning strikes, we establish the constraints on the charge and mass of mCPs. We examine two types of cloud configurations: a simple arrangement of two clouds, and a more complex layered structure that gives rise to potential wells. In the latter case, we take into account the effects of Bose enhancement for scalar mCPs, and Pauli blocking for fermionic ones. We use the observational data of planetary atmospheres obtained by satellite missions to establish constraints on the charge and mass of mCP particles. The best constraints came from the observation of thunderstorms in Saturn's atmosphere under an assumption of layered cloud structure: $q > 10^{-24}$ for bosonic mCPs. These constraints for bosons are, to the best of our knowledge, the best in the literature.
title Constraints on millicharged particles from thunderstorms on the Solar system planets
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05338