Evidence for Vortex Rings with Multiquantum Circulation in He II
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866915837898653696 |
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| author | Xing, Yiming Alihosseini, Yousef Inui, Sosuke Guo, Wei |
| author_facet | Xing, Yiming Alihosseini, Yousef Inui, Sosuke Guo, Wei |
| contents | Quantized vortex dynamics in superfluid $^4$He (He~II) are widely regarded as well established: circulation is quantized in units of $κ=h/m_4$, vortices carrying more than one quantum are expected to split into singly quantized filaments, and vortex rings shrink while accelerating due to dissipation from thermal-quasiparticle scattering. Using particle tracking velocimetry with frozen deuterium tracers, we uncover rare vortex-bound particle events that disrupt this canonical picture. In a class of events exhibiting the acceleration characteristic of shrinkage driven vortex ring motion, the measured kinematics cannot be reconciled with a singly quantized ring. Instead, they require an effective circulation $nκ$ with $n>1$, directly challenging the standard expectation that multiquantum vortices are short lived. A more prosaic possibility is that the inferred $nκ$ arises from a bundle of closely spaced singly quantized rings, which could generate similar large-scale motion. However, this scenario is disfavored by vortex-filament simulations that show rapid bundle dispersion. Furthermore, the persistence of particle trapping at the observed high speeds suggests a much deeper core trapping potential, consistent only with a truly multiquantum core. Together, these results point to anomalously long-lived multiquantum rings, a striking puzzle that calls for dedicated scrutiny beyond the prevailing paradigm. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05387 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Evidence for Vortex Rings with Multiquantum Circulation in He II Xing, Yiming Alihosseini, Yousef Inui, Sosuke Guo, Wei Other Condensed Matter Fluid Dynamics Quantized vortex dynamics in superfluid $^4$He (He~II) are widely regarded as well established: circulation is quantized in units of $κ=h/m_4$, vortices carrying more than one quantum are expected to split into singly quantized filaments, and vortex rings shrink while accelerating due to dissipation from thermal-quasiparticle scattering. Using particle tracking velocimetry with frozen deuterium tracers, we uncover rare vortex-bound particle events that disrupt this canonical picture. In a class of events exhibiting the acceleration characteristic of shrinkage driven vortex ring motion, the measured kinematics cannot be reconciled with a singly quantized ring. Instead, they require an effective circulation $nκ$ with $n>1$, directly challenging the standard expectation that multiquantum vortices are short lived. A more prosaic possibility is that the inferred $nκ$ arises from a bundle of closely spaced singly quantized rings, which could generate similar large-scale motion. However, this scenario is disfavored by vortex-filament simulations that show rapid bundle dispersion. Furthermore, the persistence of particle trapping at the observed high speeds suggests a much deeper core trapping potential, consistent only with a truly multiquantum core. Together, these results point to anomalously long-lived multiquantum rings, a striking puzzle that calls for dedicated scrutiny beyond the prevailing paradigm. |
| title | Evidence for Vortex Rings with Multiquantum Circulation in He II |
| topic | Other Condensed Matter Fluid Dynamics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05387 |