Evidence for Vortex Rings with Multiquantum Circulation in He II

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Xing, Yiming, Alihosseini, Yousef, Inui, Sosuke, Guo, Wei
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Xing, Yiming
Alihosseini, Yousef
Inui, Sosuke
Guo, Wei
author_facet Xing, Yiming
Alihosseini, Yousef
Inui, Sosuke
Guo, Wei
contents Quantized vortex dynamics in superfluid $^4$He (He~II) are widely regarded as well established: circulation is quantized in units of $κ=h/m_4$, vortices carrying more than one quantum are expected to split into singly quantized filaments, and vortex rings shrink while accelerating due to dissipation from thermal-quasiparticle scattering. Using particle tracking velocimetry with frozen deuterium tracers, we uncover rare vortex-bound particle events that disrupt this canonical picture. In a class of events exhibiting the acceleration characteristic of shrinkage driven vortex ring motion, the measured kinematics cannot be reconciled with a singly quantized ring. Instead, they require an effective circulation $nκ$ with $n>1$, directly challenging the standard expectation that multiquantum vortices are short lived. A more prosaic possibility is that the inferred $nκ$ arises from a bundle of closely spaced singly quantized rings, which could generate similar large-scale motion. However, this scenario is disfavored by vortex-filament simulations that show rapid bundle dispersion. Furthermore, the persistence of particle trapping at the observed high speeds suggests a much deeper core trapping potential, consistent only with a truly multiquantum core. Together, these results point to anomalously long-lived multiquantum rings, a striking puzzle that calls for dedicated scrutiny beyond the prevailing paradigm.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05387
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Evidence for Vortex Rings with Multiquantum Circulation in He II
Xing, Yiming
Alihosseini, Yousef
Inui, Sosuke
Guo, Wei
Other Condensed Matter
Fluid Dynamics
Quantized vortex dynamics in superfluid $^4$He (He~II) are widely regarded as well established: circulation is quantized in units of $κ=h/m_4$, vortices carrying more than one quantum are expected to split into singly quantized filaments, and vortex rings shrink while accelerating due to dissipation from thermal-quasiparticle scattering. Using particle tracking velocimetry with frozen deuterium tracers, we uncover rare vortex-bound particle events that disrupt this canonical picture. In a class of events exhibiting the acceleration characteristic of shrinkage driven vortex ring motion, the measured kinematics cannot be reconciled with a singly quantized ring. Instead, they require an effective circulation $nκ$ with $n>1$, directly challenging the standard expectation that multiquantum vortices are short lived. A more prosaic possibility is that the inferred $nκ$ arises from a bundle of closely spaced singly quantized rings, which could generate similar large-scale motion. However, this scenario is disfavored by vortex-filament simulations that show rapid bundle dispersion. Furthermore, the persistence of particle trapping at the observed high speeds suggests a much deeper core trapping potential, consistent only with a truly multiquantum core. Together, these results point to anomalously long-lived multiquantum rings, a striking puzzle that calls for dedicated scrutiny beyond the prevailing paradigm.
title Evidence for Vortex Rings with Multiquantum Circulation in He II
topic Other Condensed Matter
Fluid Dynamics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05387