Universal Displacements in Linear Strain-Gradient Elasticity

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Sfyris, Dimitris, Yavari, Arash
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Sfyris, Dimitris
Yavari, Arash
author_facet Sfyris, Dimitris
Yavari, Arash
contents We study universal displacement fields in three-dimensional linear strain-gradient elasticity within the Toupin-Mindlin first strain-gradient theory. Building on the approach of Yavari (2020), we derive, for each material symmetry class, the universality PDEs obtained by requiring the equilibrium equations (in the absence of body forces) to hold for any material in that class, and we determine the complete set of universal displacements. Using the full symmetry classification together with compact matrix representations of the elasticity tensors, we provide explicit characterizations for all 48 strain-gradient symmetry classes, including centrosymmetric and chiral classes. For several high-symmetry classes, the strain-gradient universality PDEs impose no additional restrictions beyond the classical ones, so the universal displacement families coincide with those of classical linear elasticity (for example, the isotropic classes SO(3) and O(3)). For lower symmetry classes, the strain-gradient universality PDEs can be stricter than their classical counterparts, so the universal displacements form proper subsets of the classical universal displacement families due to additional higher-order differential conditions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05533
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Universal Displacements in Linear Strain-Gradient Elasticity
Sfyris, Dimitris
Yavari, Arash
Classical Physics
Materials Science
We study universal displacement fields in three-dimensional linear strain-gradient elasticity within the Toupin-Mindlin first strain-gradient theory. Building on the approach of Yavari (2020), we derive, for each material symmetry class, the universality PDEs obtained by requiring the equilibrium equations (in the absence of body forces) to hold for any material in that class, and we determine the complete set of universal displacements. Using the full symmetry classification together with compact matrix representations of the elasticity tensors, we provide explicit characterizations for all 48 strain-gradient symmetry classes, including centrosymmetric and chiral classes. For several high-symmetry classes, the strain-gradient universality PDEs impose no additional restrictions beyond the classical ones, so the universal displacement families coincide with those of classical linear elasticity (for example, the isotropic classes SO(3) and O(3)). For lower symmetry classes, the strain-gradient universality PDEs can be stricter than their classical counterparts, so the universal displacements form proper subsets of the classical universal displacement families due to additional higher-order differential conditions.
title Universal Displacements in Linear Strain-Gradient Elasticity
topic Classical Physics
Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05533