In-batch Relational Features Enhance Precision in An Unsupervised Medical Anomaly Detection Task

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Githinji, P. Bilha, Yuan, Xi, Gul, Ijaz, Zhang, Lian, Xu, Jinhao, Chen, Zhenglin, Qin, Peiwu, Yu, Dongmei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Githinji, P. Bilha
Yuan, Xi
Gul, Ijaz
Zhang, Lian
Xu, Jinhao
Chen, Zhenglin
Qin, Peiwu
Yu, Dongmei
author_facet Githinji, P. Bilha
Yuan, Xi
Gul, Ijaz
Zhang, Lian
Xu, Jinhao
Chen, Zhenglin
Qin, Peiwu
Yu, Dongmei
contents Confounding pathology with normal anatomical variation remains a significant challenge in unsupervised medical-image anomaly detection, resulting in numerous false positives. To enhance integration of healthy variation, we augment the latent representation of a CNN autoencoder with contextual similarities within a normal cohort through batch-wise hypergraph estimation and a shared-weights graph convolution layer, producing a population-aware embedding. On a heterogeneous brain-tumor dataset of 2D MRI scans, the method improves separability between healthy and pathological samples, achieving an AUC-ROC of 0.90 (95% CI 0.84-0.95, 5.7% absolute gain), and a 16% absolute improvement in average precision (0.78 AP, 95% CI 0.66-0.89), thereby lowering false-positive rates. Moreover, both anomaly detection and downstream tumor versus no-tumor classification performance improve with the size of the mini-batch context captured in the augmented representation, suggesting a tunable lever for integrating healthy variation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05534
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle In-batch Relational Features Enhance Precision in An Unsupervised Medical Anomaly Detection Task
Githinji, P. Bilha
Yuan, Xi
Gul, Ijaz
Zhang, Lian
Xu, Jinhao
Chen, Zhenglin
Qin, Peiwu
Yu, Dongmei
Quantitative Methods
Image and Video Processing
Confounding pathology with normal anatomical variation remains a significant challenge in unsupervised medical-image anomaly detection, resulting in numerous false positives. To enhance integration of healthy variation, we augment the latent representation of a CNN autoencoder with contextual similarities within a normal cohort through batch-wise hypergraph estimation and a shared-weights graph convolution layer, producing a population-aware embedding. On a heterogeneous brain-tumor dataset of 2D MRI scans, the method improves separability between healthy and pathological samples, achieving an AUC-ROC of 0.90 (95% CI 0.84-0.95, 5.7% absolute gain), and a 16% absolute improvement in average precision (0.78 AP, 95% CI 0.66-0.89), thereby lowering false-positive rates. Moreover, both anomaly detection and downstream tumor versus no-tumor classification performance improve with the size of the mini-batch context captured in the augmented representation, suggesting a tunable lever for integrating healthy variation.
title In-batch Relational Features Enhance Precision in An Unsupervised Medical Anomaly Detection Task
topic Quantitative Methods
Image and Video Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05534