An intuitive rearranging of the Yates covariance decomposition for probabilistic verification of forecasts with the Brier score

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Vieira, Bruno Hebling
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Vieira, Bruno Hebling
author_facet Vieira, Bruno Hebling
contents Proper scoring rules are essential for evaluating probabilistic forecasts. We propose a simple algebraic rearrangement of the Yates covariance decomposition of the Brier score into three independently non-negative terms: a variance mismatch term, a correlation deficit term, and a calibration-in-the-large term. This rearrangement makes the optimality conditions for perfect forecasting transparent: the optimal forecast must simultaneously match the variance of outcomes, achieve perfect positive correlation with outcomes, and match the mean of outcomes. Any deviation from these conditions results in a positive contribution to the Brier score.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05544
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An intuitive rearranging of the Yates covariance decomposition for probabilistic verification of forecasts with the Brier score
Vieira, Bruno Hebling
Methodology
Machine Learning
Applications
Proper scoring rules are essential for evaluating probabilistic forecasts. We propose a simple algebraic rearrangement of the Yates covariance decomposition of the Brier score into three independently non-negative terms: a variance mismatch term, a correlation deficit term, and a calibration-in-the-large term. This rearrangement makes the optimality conditions for perfect forecasting transparent: the optimal forecast must simultaneously match the variance of outcomes, achieve perfect positive correlation with outcomes, and match the mean of outcomes. Any deviation from these conditions results in a positive contribution to the Brier score.
title An intuitive rearranging of the Yates covariance decomposition for probabilistic verification of forecasts with the Brier score
topic Methodology
Machine Learning
Applications
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05544