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Main Authors: Yang, Jiahui, Wu, Yuru, Wang, Haozong, Liu, Yu, Sun, Biao, Liu, Yilu, Black, Clifton
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05746
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author Yang, Jiahui
Wu, Yuru
Wang, Haozong
Liu, Yu
Sun, Biao
Liu, Yilu
Black, Clifton
author_facet Yang, Jiahui
Wu, Yuru
Wang, Haozong
Liu, Yu
Sun, Biao
Liu, Yilu
Black, Clifton
contents Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are widely used for sub-synchronous oscillation monitoring, yet the effect of windowed discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based phasor estimation on oscillation observability is not fully characterized. This letter derives the complete complex-valued frequency response of the windowed DFT phasor estimator under both magnitude and phase modulation. The analysis shows that the estimation window introduces both frequency-dependent magnitude attenuation and phase shift to oscillation components, governed by the complex gain. A simple recovery method is also proposed to restore the true oscillation amplitude and phase from PMU data using the analytically known complex gain. The results are validated through time-domain simulations and provide guidance for industry practitioners on interpreting PMU-based oscillation measurements and selecting appropriate window lengths.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05746
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Frequency Response of Windowed DFT Phasor Estimation: Impact on Oscillation Observability
Yang, Jiahui
Wu, Yuru
Wang, Haozong
Liu, Yu
Sun, Biao
Liu, Yilu
Black, Clifton
Signal Processing
Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are widely used for sub-synchronous oscillation monitoring, yet the effect of windowed discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based phasor estimation on oscillation observability is not fully characterized. This letter derives the complete complex-valued frequency response of the windowed DFT phasor estimator under both magnitude and phase modulation. The analysis shows that the estimation window introduces both frequency-dependent magnitude attenuation and phase shift to oscillation components, governed by the complex gain. A simple recovery method is also proposed to restore the true oscillation amplitude and phase from PMU data using the analytically known complex gain. The results are validated through time-domain simulations and provide guidance for industry practitioners on interpreting PMU-based oscillation measurements and selecting appropriate window lengths.
title Frequency Response of Windowed DFT Phasor Estimation: Impact on Oscillation Observability
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05746