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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05746 |
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| _version_ | 1866912946386370560 |
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| author | Yang, Jiahui Wu, Yuru Wang, Haozong Liu, Yu Sun, Biao Liu, Yilu Black, Clifton |
| author_facet | Yang, Jiahui Wu, Yuru Wang, Haozong Liu, Yu Sun, Biao Liu, Yilu Black, Clifton |
| contents | Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are widely used for sub-synchronous oscillation monitoring, yet the effect of windowed discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based phasor estimation on oscillation observability is not fully characterized. This letter derives the complete complex-valued frequency response of the windowed DFT phasor estimator under both magnitude and phase modulation. The analysis shows that the estimation window introduces both frequency-dependent magnitude attenuation and phase shift to oscillation components, governed by the complex gain. A simple recovery method is also proposed to restore the true oscillation amplitude and phase from PMU data using the analytically known complex gain. The results are validated through time-domain simulations and provide guidance for industry practitioners on interpreting PMU-based oscillation measurements and selecting appropriate window lengths. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05746 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Frequency Response of Windowed DFT Phasor Estimation: Impact on Oscillation Observability Yang, Jiahui Wu, Yuru Wang, Haozong Liu, Yu Sun, Biao Liu, Yilu Black, Clifton Signal Processing Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are widely used for sub-synchronous oscillation monitoring, yet the effect of windowed discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based phasor estimation on oscillation observability is not fully characterized. This letter derives the complete complex-valued frequency response of the windowed DFT phasor estimator under both magnitude and phase modulation. The analysis shows that the estimation window introduces both frequency-dependent magnitude attenuation and phase shift to oscillation components, governed by the complex gain. A simple recovery method is also proposed to restore the true oscillation amplitude and phase from PMU data using the analytically known complex gain. The results are validated through time-domain simulations and provide guidance for industry practitioners on interpreting PMU-based oscillation measurements and selecting appropriate window lengths. |
| title | Frequency Response of Windowed DFT Phasor Estimation: Impact on Oscillation Observability |
| topic | Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05746 |