Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies in DESI DR1: Connections to Galaxies in the Early Universe
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Sui, Jipeng Zou, Hu Scholte, Dirk Saintonge, Amélie Mezcua, Mar Siudek, Malgorzata Li, Wenxiong Guo, Wei-Jian Liu, Shufei Xiao, Yunao Prada, Francisco Zou, Siwei Aguilar, Jessica Nicole Ahlen, Steven Prieto, Carlos Allende Bianchi, Davide Brooks, David Chang, Yu-Ling Claybaugh, Todd Cuceu, Andrei de la Macorra, Axel Doel, Peter Forero-Romero, Jaime E. Gaztañaga, Enrique Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A Gutierrez, Gaston Hahn, ChangHoon Joyce, Dick Kehoe, Robert Landriau, Martin Guillou, Laurent Le Luo, Yifei Meisner, Aaron Miquel, Ramon Nadathur, Seshadri Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie Percival, Will Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi Rossi, Graziano Sanchez, Eusebio Schlegel, David Seo, Hee-Jong Silber, Joseph Harry Sprayberry, David Tarlé, Gregory Weaver, Benjamin Alan |
| author_facet | Sui, Jipeng Zou, Hu Scholte, Dirk Saintonge, Amélie Mezcua, Mar Siudek, Malgorzata Li, Wenxiong Guo, Wei-Jian Liu, Shufei Xiao, Yunao Prada, Francisco Zou, Siwei Aguilar, Jessica Nicole Ahlen, Steven Prieto, Carlos Allende Bianchi, Davide Brooks, David Chang, Yu-Ling Claybaugh, Todd Cuceu, Andrei de la Macorra, Axel Doel, Peter Forero-Romero, Jaime E. Gaztañaga, Enrique Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A Gutierrez, Gaston Hahn, ChangHoon Joyce, Dick Kehoe, Robert Landriau, Martin Guillou, Laurent Le Luo, Yifei Meisner, Aaron Miquel, Ramon Nadathur, Seshadri Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie Percival, Will Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi Rossi, Graziano Sanchez, Eusebio Schlegel, David Seo, Hee-Jong Silber, Joseph Harry Sprayberry, David Tarlé, Gregory Weaver, Benjamin Alan |
| contents | Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies (XMPGs), defined as having metallicities below 10\% of the solar value, are considered possible local analogs to primordial systems and offer a unique window into early galaxy evolution. This study presents a large-scale search for XMPGs using data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument DR1, systematically evaluating their resemblance to high-redshift galaxies. From a parent sample of over 14 million galaxies, we identify 656 (551 new) confirmed XMPGs and 767 (670 new) high-quality candidates via the direct $T_{\mathrm{e}}$ method. Results reveal that XMPGs follow a distinct star-forming main sequence (SFMS) that is elevated and shallower than that of the comparing star-forming galaxies. Notably, at higher stellar masses ($M_{\star} > 10^{7.5} M_{\odot}$), the XMPG SFMS converges with the sequence observed in high-redshift galaxies by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), indicating that mature XMPGs sustain star formation rates comparable to their primordial counterparts. Furthermore, XMPGs consistently deviate below the local fundamental metallicity relation, mirroring high-redshift galaxy behavior. These findings demonstrate that XMPGs not only exhibit low metallicities but also preserve scaling relations characteristic of the early Universe, confirming their potential value as local laboratories for studying early galaxy formation processes. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05934 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies in DESI DR1: Connections to Galaxies in the Early Universe Sui, Jipeng Zou, Hu Scholte, Dirk Saintonge, Amélie Mezcua, Mar Siudek, Malgorzata Li, Wenxiong Guo, Wei-Jian Liu, Shufei Xiao, Yunao Prada, Francisco Zou, Siwei Aguilar, Jessica Nicole Ahlen, Steven Prieto, Carlos Allende Bianchi, Davide Brooks, David Chang, Yu-Ling Claybaugh, Todd Cuceu, Andrei de la Macorra, Axel Doel, Peter Forero-Romero, Jaime E. Gaztañaga, Enrique Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A Gutierrez, Gaston Hahn, ChangHoon Joyce, Dick Kehoe, Robert Landriau, Martin Guillou, Laurent Le Luo, Yifei Meisner, Aaron Miquel, Ramon Nadathur, Seshadri Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie Percival, Will Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi Rossi, Graziano Sanchez, Eusebio Schlegel, David Seo, Hee-Jong Silber, Joseph Harry Sprayberry, David Tarlé, Gregory Weaver, Benjamin Alan Astrophysics of Galaxies Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies (XMPGs), defined as having metallicities below 10\% of the solar value, are considered possible local analogs to primordial systems and offer a unique window into early galaxy evolution. This study presents a large-scale search for XMPGs using data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument DR1, systematically evaluating their resemblance to high-redshift galaxies. From a parent sample of over 14 million galaxies, we identify 656 (551 new) confirmed XMPGs and 767 (670 new) high-quality candidates via the direct $T_{\mathrm{e}}$ method. Results reveal that XMPGs follow a distinct star-forming main sequence (SFMS) that is elevated and shallower than that of the comparing star-forming galaxies. Notably, at higher stellar masses ($M_{\star} > 10^{7.5} M_{\odot}$), the XMPG SFMS converges with the sequence observed in high-redshift galaxies by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), indicating that mature XMPGs sustain star formation rates comparable to their primordial counterparts. Furthermore, XMPGs consistently deviate below the local fundamental metallicity relation, mirroring high-redshift galaxy behavior. These findings demonstrate that XMPGs not only exhibit low metallicities but also preserve scaling relations characteristic of the early Universe, confirming their potential value as local laboratories for studying early galaxy formation processes. |
| title | Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies in DESI DR1: Connections to Galaxies in the Early Universe |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05934 |