TADPO: Reinforcement Learning Goes Off-road

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wu, Zhouchonghao, Song, Raymond, Mundheda, Vedant, Navarro-Serment, Luis E., Schoenborn, Christof, Schneider, Jeff
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Wu, Zhouchonghao
Song, Raymond
Mundheda, Vedant
Navarro-Serment, Luis E.
Schoenborn, Christof
Schneider, Jeff
author_facet Wu, Zhouchonghao
Song, Raymond
Mundheda, Vedant
Navarro-Serment, Luis E.
Schoenborn, Christof
Schneider, Jeff
contents Off-road autonomous driving poses significant challenges such as navigating unmapped, variable terrain with uncertain and diverse dynamics. Addressing these challenges requires effective long-horizon planning and adaptable control. Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising solution by learning control policies directly from interaction. However, because off-road driving is a long-horizon task with low-signal rewards, standard RL methods are challenging to apply in this setting. We introduce TADPO, a novel policy gradient formulation that extends Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), leveraging off-policy trajectories for teacher guidance and on-policy trajectories for student exploration. Building on this, we develop a vision-based, end-to-end RL system for high-speed off-road driving, capable of navigating extreme slopes and obstacle-rich terrain. We demonstrate our performance in simulation and, importantly, zero-shot sim-to-real transfer on a full-scale off-road vehicle. To our knowledge, this work represents the first deployment of RL-based policies on a full-scale off-road platform.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_05995
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TADPO: Reinforcement Learning Goes Off-road
Wu, Zhouchonghao
Song, Raymond
Mundheda, Vedant
Navarro-Serment, Luis E.
Schoenborn, Christof
Schneider, Jeff
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Off-road autonomous driving poses significant challenges such as navigating unmapped, variable terrain with uncertain and diverse dynamics. Addressing these challenges requires effective long-horizon planning and adaptable control. Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising solution by learning control policies directly from interaction. However, because off-road driving is a long-horizon task with low-signal rewards, standard RL methods are challenging to apply in this setting. We introduce TADPO, a novel policy gradient formulation that extends Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), leveraging off-policy trajectories for teacher guidance and on-policy trajectories for student exploration. Building on this, we develop a vision-based, end-to-end RL system for high-speed off-road driving, capable of navigating extreme slopes and obstacle-rich terrain. We demonstrate our performance in simulation and, importantly, zero-shot sim-to-real transfer on a full-scale off-road vehicle. To our knowledge, this work represents the first deployment of RL-based policies on a full-scale off-road platform.
title TADPO: Reinforcement Learning Goes Off-road
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05995