On the Secrecy Performance of Continuous-Aperture Arrays Over Fading Channels
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866912948121763840 |
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| author | Yang, Xuan Ouyang, Chongjun Li, Dongming Liu, Yuanwei |
| author_facet | Yang, Xuan Ouyang, Chongjun Li, Dongming Liu, Yuanwei |
| contents | The secrecy performance of continuous-aperture array (CAPA)-based wiretap channels in terms of secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability (SOP) is analyzed. First, the system models of CAPA systems with maximum-ratio transmission under a Rayleigh fading channel are established, and approximate probability density functions for the legitimate user Bob's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the eavesdropper Eve's SNR are derived using Mercer's theorem and Landau's eigenvalue theorem. Three scenarios are considered, including a single Eve, multiple independent Eves, and multiple collaborative Eves. Next, the expressions of the secrecy rate and SOP under these three scenarios are derived, and the high-SNR slope, high-SNR power offset, diversity order, and array gain in Bob's high-SNR region are obtained. It is then theoretically proven that, in all three scenarios, the CAPA system achieves the same high-SNR slope and the same diversity order, with the latter being equal to the spatial degrees of freedom. Moreover, the CAPA system with a single Eve has the smallest high-SNR offset and the highest array gain, whereas the CAPA system with multiple collaborative Eves exhibits the largest high-SNR offset and the lowest array gain. Finally, the theoretical analyses of secrecy rate, SOP, high-SNR performance are validated by the simulation results, and a higher secrecy rate and a lower SOP are achieved by the CAPA systems compared to the spatially-discrete array systems with half-wavelength antenna spacing. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_06171 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | On the Secrecy Performance of Continuous-Aperture Arrays Over Fading Channels Yang, Xuan Ouyang, Chongjun Li, Dongming Liu, Yuanwei Information Theory Signal Processing The secrecy performance of continuous-aperture array (CAPA)-based wiretap channels in terms of secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability (SOP) is analyzed. First, the system models of CAPA systems with maximum-ratio transmission under a Rayleigh fading channel are established, and approximate probability density functions for the legitimate user Bob's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the eavesdropper Eve's SNR are derived using Mercer's theorem and Landau's eigenvalue theorem. Three scenarios are considered, including a single Eve, multiple independent Eves, and multiple collaborative Eves. Next, the expressions of the secrecy rate and SOP under these three scenarios are derived, and the high-SNR slope, high-SNR power offset, diversity order, and array gain in Bob's high-SNR region are obtained. It is then theoretically proven that, in all three scenarios, the CAPA system achieves the same high-SNR slope and the same diversity order, with the latter being equal to the spatial degrees of freedom. Moreover, the CAPA system with a single Eve has the smallest high-SNR offset and the highest array gain, whereas the CAPA system with multiple collaborative Eves exhibits the largest high-SNR offset and the lowest array gain. Finally, the theoretical analyses of secrecy rate, SOP, high-SNR performance are validated by the simulation results, and a higher secrecy rate and a lower SOP are achieved by the CAPA systems compared to the spatially-discrete array systems with half-wavelength antenna spacing. |
| title | On the Secrecy Performance of Continuous-Aperture Arrays Over Fading Channels |
| topic | Information Theory Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.06171 |