Evaluation of Deontic Conditional Reasoning in Large Language Models: The Case of Wason's Selection Task
Fuente:
arXiv
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1866917318735429632 |
|---|---|
| author | Abe, Hirohiko Ozeki, Kentaro Ando, Risako Morishita, Takanobu Mineshima, Koji Okada, Mitsuhiro |
| author_facet | Abe, Hirohiko Ozeki, Kentaro Ando, Risako Morishita, Takanobu Mineshima, Koji Okada, Mitsuhiro |
| contents | As large language models (LLMs) advance in linguistic competence, their reasoning abilities are gaining increasing attention. In humans, reasoning often performs well in domain specific settings, particularly in normative rather than purely formal contexts. Although prior studies have compared LLM and human reasoning, the domain specificity of LLM reasoning remains underexplored. In this study, we introduce a new Wason Selection Task dataset that explicitly encodes deontic modality to systematically distinguish deontic from descriptive conditionals, and use it to examine LLMs' conditional reasoning under deontic rules. We further analyze whether observed error patterns are better explained by confirmation bias (a tendency to seek rule-supporting evidence) or by matching bias (a tendency to ignore negation and select items that lexically match elements of the rule). Results show that, like humans, LLMs reason better with deontic rules and display matching-bias-like errors. Together, these findings suggest that the performance of LLMs varies systematically across rule types and that their error patterns can parallel well-known human biases in this paradigm. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_06416 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Evaluation of Deontic Conditional Reasoning in Large Language Models: The Case of Wason's Selection Task Abe, Hirohiko Ozeki, Kentaro Ando, Risako Morishita, Takanobu Mineshima, Koji Okada, Mitsuhiro Computation and Language As large language models (LLMs) advance in linguistic competence, their reasoning abilities are gaining increasing attention. In humans, reasoning often performs well in domain specific settings, particularly in normative rather than purely formal contexts. Although prior studies have compared LLM and human reasoning, the domain specificity of LLM reasoning remains underexplored. In this study, we introduce a new Wason Selection Task dataset that explicitly encodes deontic modality to systematically distinguish deontic from descriptive conditionals, and use it to examine LLMs' conditional reasoning under deontic rules. We further analyze whether observed error patterns are better explained by confirmation bias (a tendency to seek rule-supporting evidence) or by matching bias (a tendency to ignore negation and select items that lexically match elements of the rule). Results show that, like humans, LLMs reason better with deontic rules and display matching-bias-like errors. Together, these findings suggest that the performance of LLMs varies systematically across rule types and that their error patterns can parallel well-known human biases in this paradigm. |
| title | Evaluation of Deontic Conditional Reasoning in Large Language Models: The Case of Wason's Selection Task |
| topic | Computation and Language |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.06416 |