Kinematically Coherent Multiphase Galactic Winds in Star-Forming Galaxies Revealed by Unified Radiative Transfer Modeling of UV Emission and Absorption Lines
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866912948859961344 |
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| author | Li, Zhihui Heckman, Timothy Gronke, Max Xu, Xinfeng Henry, Alaina Schneider, Evan Abruzzo, Matthew Berg, Danielle James, Bethan Martin, Crystal Chisholm, John |
| author_facet | Li, Zhihui Heckman, Timothy Gronke, Max Xu, Xinfeng Henry, Alaina Schneider, Evan Abruzzo, Matthew Berg, Danielle James, Bethan Martin, Crystal Chisholm, John |
| contents | We present PEACOCK, a three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer (RT) framework designed to self-consistently model rest-frame ultraviolet emission and absorption lines arising from multiphase, clumpy galactic winds. Applied to deep HST/COS spectra of 50 nearby star-forming galaxies, PEACOCK reproduces 220 observed profiles of Ly-alpha, Si II, C II, Si III, Si IV, and C IV spanning absorption, emission, and P-Cygni-like morphologies within a single CGM model. By combining Monte Carlo RT with deep-learning acceleration and nested sampling, the framework enables fully converged multi-line inference at a small fraction of the cost of traditional RT grids. Systematic experiments show that ion column densities, bulk outflow velocities, and turbulent motions leave distinct imprints on line profiles, allowing the underlying gas properties to be constrained with minimal degeneracy. Purely radial accelerating flows often fail to reproduce the observed absorption morphologies, whereas macroscopic velocity dispersion naturally produces the broad asymmetric troughs seen in the data, indicating that turbulent motions are a key component of outflow kinematics. The inferred kinematics reveal strong coherence among low- and high-ionization metal lines in both bulk and turbulent velocities, consistent with a dynamically coupled multiphase wind. In contrast, neutral hydrogen shows weaker correspondence with metals, suggesting incomplete mixing and a distinct kinematic structure. By unifying emission and absorption diagnostics across multiple ions, PEACOCK provides a physically grounded bridge between UV observations and theoretical models of galactic winds. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_06546 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Kinematically Coherent Multiphase Galactic Winds in Star-Forming Galaxies Revealed by Unified Radiative Transfer Modeling of UV Emission and Absorption Lines Li, Zhihui Heckman, Timothy Gronke, Max Xu, Xinfeng Henry, Alaina Schneider, Evan Abruzzo, Matthew Berg, Danielle James, Bethan Martin, Crystal Chisholm, John Astrophysics of Galaxies We present PEACOCK, a three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer (RT) framework designed to self-consistently model rest-frame ultraviolet emission and absorption lines arising from multiphase, clumpy galactic winds. Applied to deep HST/COS spectra of 50 nearby star-forming galaxies, PEACOCK reproduces 220 observed profiles of Ly-alpha, Si II, C II, Si III, Si IV, and C IV spanning absorption, emission, and P-Cygni-like morphologies within a single CGM model. By combining Monte Carlo RT with deep-learning acceleration and nested sampling, the framework enables fully converged multi-line inference at a small fraction of the cost of traditional RT grids. Systematic experiments show that ion column densities, bulk outflow velocities, and turbulent motions leave distinct imprints on line profiles, allowing the underlying gas properties to be constrained with minimal degeneracy. Purely radial accelerating flows often fail to reproduce the observed absorption morphologies, whereas macroscopic velocity dispersion naturally produces the broad asymmetric troughs seen in the data, indicating that turbulent motions are a key component of outflow kinematics. The inferred kinematics reveal strong coherence among low- and high-ionization metal lines in both bulk and turbulent velocities, consistent with a dynamically coupled multiphase wind. In contrast, neutral hydrogen shows weaker correspondence with metals, suggesting incomplete mixing and a distinct kinematic structure. By unifying emission and absorption diagnostics across multiple ions, PEACOCK provides a physically grounded bridge between UV observations and theoretical models of galactic winds. |
| title | Kinematically Coherent Multiphase Galactic Winds in Star-Forming Galaxies Revealed by Unified Radiative Transfer Modeling of UV Emission and Absorption Lines |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.06546 |