Flip-flop states in X-ray binaries and changing-state AGN
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Maccarone, Thomas J. Runnoe, Jessie Marcel, Gregoire Jaervelae, Emilia Buisson, Douglas Kashyap, Unnati Vincentelli, Federico M. |
| author_facet | Maccarone, Thomas J. Runnoe, Jessie Marcel, Gregoire Jaervelae, Emilia Buisson, Douglas Kashyap, Unnati Vincentelli, Federico M. |
| contents | We show that the flip-flop transitions in X-ray binaries (rapid cycling between different spectral states which are sometimes seen near the global state transition) show a series of analogies to the changing state phenomena (rapid changes in the emission line properties that seem to be driven by changes in the central engine) in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Specifically, (1) the timescales for the transitions scale approximately linearly with mass and (2) both phenomena occur at a few percent of the Eddington luminosity. Because most accretion physics is expected to be scale-free, it is likely that these represent two manifestations of the same phenomena. Demonstrating this would allow the use of a much wider range of observational techniques, on a much wider range of characteristic timescales, and provide a clearer pathway toward understanding these rapid transitions than is currently available. We discuss potential means to establish the connection more firmly, and to use the combination of the observational advantages of both classes of systems to develop a better understanding of the phenomenon. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_07317 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Flip-flop states in X-ray binaries and changing-state AGN Maccarone, Thomas J. Runnoe, Jessie Marcel, Gregoire Jaervelae, Emilia Buisson, Douglas Kashyap, Unnati Vincentelli, Federico M. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We show that the flip-flop transitions in X-ray binaries (rapid cycling between different spectral states which are sometimes seen near the global state transition) show a series of analogies to the changing state phenomena (rapid changes in the emission line properties that seem to be driven by changes in the central engine) in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Specifically, (1) the timescales for the transitions scale approximately linearly with mass and (2) both phenomena occur at a few percent of the Eddington luminosity. Because most accretion physics is expected to be scale-free, it is likely that these represent two manifestations of the same phenomena. Demonstrating this would allow the use of a much wider range of observational techniques, on a much wider range of characteristic timescales, and provide a clearer pathway toward understanding these rapid transitions than is currently available. We discuss potential means to establish the connection more firmly, and to use the combination of the observational advantages of both classes of systems to develop a better understanding of the phenomenon. |
| title | Flip-flop states in X-ray binaries and changing-state AGN |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.07317 |