Thermal and chemical response from entanglement entropy
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866908871987036160 |
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| author | Jokela, Niko Rajala, Aatu Rindlisbacher, Tobias |
| author_facet | Jokela, Niko Rajala, Aatu Rindlisbacher, Tobias |
| contents | We study entanglement entropy (EE) in interacting quantum field theories (QFTs) at finite density. We argue that, in the limit of large subregions, the derivative of EE with respect to the size of the entangling region approaches the thermal entropy density, independently of microscopic details. We make this relation explicit using slab-shaped subregions, where the limiting behavior can be directly identified. At finite chemical potential, we show that EE satisfies thermodynamic response relations, including a generalized Maxwell relation linking chemical potential and charge density. We provide strong nonperturbative evidence for these statements in the three-dimensional $\operatorname{O}\left(4\right)$ model, and conjecture that they are generic features of continuum QFTs, establishing a two-way link between entanglement and thermodynamics that opens a route toward extracting the equation-of-state information from entanglement data. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_07635 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Thermal and chemical response from entanglement entropy Jokela, Niko Rajala, Aatu Rindlisbacher, Tobias High Energy Physics - Theory Statistical Mechanics High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Quantum Physics We study entanglement entropy (EE) in interacting quantum field theories (QFTs) at finite density. We argue that, in the limit of large subregions, the derivative of EE with respect to the size of the entangling region approaches the thermal entropy density, independently of microscopic details. We make this relation explicit using slab-shaped subregions, where the limiting behavior can be directly identified. At finite chemical potential, we show that EE satisfies thermodynamic response relations, including a generalized Maxwell relation linking chemical potential and charge density. We provide strong nonperturbative evidence for these statements in the three-dimensional $\operatorname{O}\left(4\right)$ model, and conjecture that they are generic features of continuum QFTs, establishing a two-way link between entanglement and thermodynamics that opens a route toward extracting the equation-of-state information from entanglement data. |
| title | Thermal and chemical response from entanglement entropy |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Theory Statistical Mechanics High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.07635 |