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Main Authors: Chen, Yiteng, Cao, Zhe, Ren, Hongjia, Yang, Chenjie, Li, Wenbo, Wang, Shiyi, Wang, Yemin, Zhang, Li, Shao, Yanming, Zhao, Zhenjun, Zhuang, Huiping, Wu, Qingyao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.07892
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author Chen, Yiteng
Cao, Zhe
Ren, Hongjia
Yang, Chenjie
Li, Wenbo
Wang, Shiyi
Wang, Yemin
Zhang, Li
Shao, Yanming
Zhao, Zhenjun
Zhuang, Huiping
Wu, Qingyao
author_facet Chen, Yiteng
Cao, Zhe
Ren, Hongjia
Yang, Chenjie
Li, Wenbo
Wang, Shiyi
Wang, Yemin
Zhang, Li
Shao, Yanming
Zhao, Zhenjun
Zhuang, Huiping
Wu, Qingyao
contents Research on robotic manipulation has developed a diverse set of policy paradigms, including vision-language-action (VLA) models, vision-action (VA) policies, and code-based compositional approaches. Concrete policies typically attain high success rates on specific task distributions but lim-ited generalization beyond it. Rather than proposing an other monolithic policy, we propose to leverage the complementary strengths of existing approaches through intelligent policy routing. We introduce RoboRouter, a training-free framework that maintains a pool of heterogeneous policies and learns to select the best-performing policy for each task through accumulated execution experience. Given a new task, RoboRouter constructs a semantic task representation, retrieves historical records of similar tasks, predicts the optimal policy choice without requiring trial-and-error, and incorporates structured feedback to refine subsequent routing decisions. Integrating a new policy into the system requires only lightweight evaluation and incurs no training overhead. Across simulation benchmark and real-world evaluations, RoboRouter consistently outperforms than in-dividual policies, improving average success rate by more than 3% in simulation and over 13% in real-world settings, while preserving execution efficiency. Our results demonstrate that intelligent routing across heterogeneous, off-the-shelf policies provides a practical and scalable pathway toward building more capable robotic systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_07892
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle RoboRouter: Training-Free Policy Routing for Robotic Manipulation
Chen, Yiteng
Cao, Zhe
Ren, Hongjia
Yang, Chenjie
Li, Wenbo
Wang, Shiyi
Wang, Yemin
Zhang, Li
Shao, Yanming
Zhao, Zhenjun
Zhuang, Huiping
Wu, Qingyao
Robotics
Research on robotic manipulation has developed a diverse set of policy paradigms, including vision-language-action (VLA) models, vision-action (VA) policies, and code-based compositional approaches. Concrete policies typically attain high success rates on specific task distributions but lim-ited generalization beyond it. Rather than proposing an other monolithic policy, we propose to leverage the complementary strengths of existing approaches through intelligent policy routing. We introduce RoboRouter, a training-free framework that maintains a pool of heterogeneous policies and learns to select the best-performing policy for each task through accumulated execution experience. Given a new task, RoboRouter constructs a semantic task representation, retrieves historical records of similar tasks, predicts the optimal policy choice without requiring trial-and-error, and incorporates structured feedback to refine subsequent routing decisions. Integrating a new policy into the system requires only lightweight evaluation and incurs no training overhead. Across simulation benchmark and real-world evaluations, RoboRouter consistently outperforms than in-dividual policies, improving average success rate by more than 3% in simulation and over 13% in real-world settings, while preserving execution efficiency. Our results demonstrate that intelligent routing across heterogeneous, off-the-shelf policies provides a practical and scalable pathway toward building more capable robotic systems.
title RoboRouter: Training-Free Policy Routing for Robotic Manipulation
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.07892