GCGNet: Graph-Consistent Generative Network for Time Series Forecasting with Exogenous Variables

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Zhengyu, Qiu, Xiangfei, Zhu, Yuhan, Wu, Xingjian, Hu, Jilin, Guo, Chenjuan, Yang, Bin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Li, Zhengyu
Qiu, Xiangfei
Zhu, Yuhan
Wu, Xingjian
Hu, Jilin
Guo, Chenjuan
Yang, Bin
author_facet Li, Zhengyu
Qiu, Xiangfei
Zhu, Yuhan
Wu, Xingjian
Hu, Jilin
Guo, Chenjuan
Yang, Bin
contents Exogenous variables offer valuable supplementary information for predicting future endogenous variables. Forecasting with exogenous variables needs to consider both past-to-future dependencies (i.e., temporal correlations) and the influence of exogenous variables on endogenous variables (i.e., channel correlations). This is pivotal when future exogenous variables are available, because they may directly affect the future endogenous variables. Many methods have been proposed for time series forecasting with exogenous variables, focusing on modeling temporal and channel correlations. However, most of them use a two-step strategy, modeling temporal and channel correlations separately, which limits their ability to capture joint correlations across time and channels. Furthermore, in real-world scenarios, time series are frequently affected by various forms of noises, underscoring the critical importance of robustness in such correlations modeling. To address these limitations, we propose GCGNet, a Graph-Consistent Generative Network for time series forecasting with exogenous variables. Specifically, GCGNet first employs a Variational Generator to produce coarse predictions. A Graph Structure Aligner then further guides it by evaluating the consistency between the generated and true correlations, where the correlations are represented as graphs, and are robust to noises. Finally, a Graph Refiner is proposed to refine the predictions to prevent degeneration and improve accuracy. Extensive experiments on 12 real-world datasets demonstrate that GCGNet outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_08032
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle GCGNet: Graph-Consistent Generative Network for Time Series Forecasting with Exogenous Variables
Li, Zhengyu
Qiu, Xiangfei
Zhu, Yuhan
Wu, Xingjian
Hu, Jilin
Guo, Chenjuan
Yang, Bin
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Exogenous variables offer valuable supplementary information for predicting future endogenous variables. Forecasting with exogenous variables needs to consider both past-to-future dependencies (i.e., temporal correlations) and the influence of exogenous variables on endogenous variables (i.e., channel correlations). This is pivotal when future exogenous variables are available, because they may directly affect the future endogenous variables. Many methods have been proposed for time series forecasting with exogenous variables, focusing on modeling temporal and channel correlations. However, most of them use a two-step strategy, modeling temporal and channel correlations separately, which limits their ability to capture joint correlations across time and channels. Furthermore, in real-world scenarios, time series are frequently affected by various forms of noises, underscoring the critical importance of robustness in such correlations modeling. To address these limitations, we propose GCGNet, a Graph-Consistent Generative Network for time series forecasting with exogenous variables. Specifically, GCGNet first employs a Variational Generator to produce coarse predictions. A Graph Structure Aligner then further guides it by evaluating the consistency between the generated and true correlations, where the correlations are represented as graphs, and are robust to noises. Finally, a Graph Refiner is proposed to refine the predictions to prevent degeneration and improve accuracy. Extensive experiments on 12 real-world datasets demonstrate that GCGNet outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.
title GCGNet: Graph-Consistent Generative Network for Time Series Forecasting with Exogenous Variables
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08032