SiPM non-linearity studies in beam tests with scintillating crystals
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| Acceso en línea: | |
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| _version_ | 1866912954996228096 |
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| author | Zhao, Zhiyu Du, Dejing Li, Shu Liu, Yong Qi, Baohua Rolph, Jack Yang, Haijun |
| author_facet | Zhao, Zhiyu Du, Dejing Li, Shu Liu, Yong Qi, Baohua Rolph, Jack Yang, Haijun |
| contents | High-granularity homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeters based on scintillating crystals and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are a promising option for future $e^{+}e^{-}$ Higgs factories, where both excellent energy resolution and a very large dynamic range are required. In this work, the non-linear response of high-pixel-density SiPMs with pixel pitches of 6--10~$μ$m coupled to BGO and BSO crystals is studied under realistic beam conditions. A dual-end readout scheme with an attenuated reference SiPM was employed to precisely calibrate the deposited energy and the corresponding number of photoelectrons over a wide dynamic range. Beam tests were carried out at the CERN SPS H2 beamline using high-energy electrons, with a tungsten pre-shower and variable incident angles to enhance energy deposition. The measurements directly quantify the non-linear response of SiPMs to scintillation light over an extended dynamic range. For BGO-coupled Hamamatsu SiPMs, deviations from linearity of about 20\% are observed at $5\times10^{5}$ photoelectrons, while larger deviations are measured for the tested NDL devices and for configurations with faster BSO scintillation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_08167 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | SiPM non-linearity studies in beam tests with scintillating crystals Zhao, Zhiyu Du, Dejing Li, Shu Liu, Yong Qi, Baohua Rolph, Jack Yang, Haijun Instrumentation and Detectors High-granularity homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeters based on scintillating crystals and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are a promising option for future $e^{+}e^{-}$ Higgs factories, where both excellent energy resolution and a very large dynamic range are required. In this work, the non-linear response of high-pixel-density SiPMs with pixel pitches of 6--10~$μ$m coupled to BGO and BSO crystals is studied under realistic beam conditions. A dual-end readout scheme with an attenuated reference SiPM was employed to precisely calibrate the deposited energy and the corresponding number of photoelectrons over a wide dynamic range. Beam tests were carried out at the CERN SPS H2 beamline using high-energy electrons, with a tungsten pre-shower and variable incident angles to enhance energy deposition. The measurements directly quantify the non-linear response of SiPMs to scintillation light over an extended dynamic range. For BGO-coupled Hamamatsu SiPMs, deviations from linearity of about 20\% are observed at $5\times10^{5}$ photoelectrons, while larger deviations are measured for the tested NDL devices and for configurations with faster BSO scintillation. |
| title | SiPM non-linearity studies in beam tests with scintillating crystals |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08167 |