Binary Black Holes population synthesis based on the current LVK observations
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| Formato: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866915848680112128 |
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| author | Bouhaddouti, Mehdi El Cholis, Ilias Aljaf, Muhsin |
| author_facet | Bouhaddouti, Mehdi El Cholis, Ilias Aljaf, Muhsin |
| contents | The ongoing observations from ground based gravitational-wave observatories have led to the detection of more than a hundred merger events between black holes. We use the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) observations from 2015 to early 2024, to test the population synthesis of these merging binaries; which will allow us to probe the formation mechanisms and environments of these black holes. We test if the current sample of binary black holes can be explained only by the merger of black holes coming from the collapse of the cores of massive stars, i.e. as just first generation black holes merging with each other. Those black holes' masses will roughly follow a power-law distribution. We also test if in addition to the merger between first generation black holes, there is evidence for a second population of black hole binaries in which at least one the binaries' members is the product of an earlier merger between black holes. These binaries are typically referred to as signals of hierarchical mergers. Such a population can possibly explain the observation of very massive black hole binaries by the LVK collaboration. We find that the LVK observations give a statistical preference in log-likelihood of up to $- 2 Δln\mathcal{L} = -150$ or in log-Bayes factor of up to $ln\textrm{BF} = 71$, for the full sample of black hole binaries originating from a combination of black holes following a power-law distribution and black holes from hierarchical mergers. The ratio of black holes following a power-law mass-distribution to a mass-distribution expected from hierarchical mergers is found to be as high as one-to-one. We also consider that some of the LVK black hole merging binaries are the result of primordial black holes (PBHs), merging inside dark matter halos and in the intergalactic medium. Adding a third population is preferred. [abridged] |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_08785 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Binary Black Holes population synthesis based on the current LVK observations Bouhaddouti, Mehdi El Cholis, Ilias Aljaf, Muhsin Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology The ongoing observations from ground based gravitational-wave observatories have led to the detection of more than a hundred merger events between black holes. We use the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) observations from 2015 to early 2024, to test the population synthesis of these merging binaries; which will allow us to probe the formation mechanisms and environments of these black holes. We test if the current sample of binary black holes can be explained only by the merger of black holes coming from the collapse of the cores of massive stars, i.e. as just first generation black holes merging with each other. Those black holes' masses will roughly follow a power-law distribution. We also test if in addition to the merger between first generation black holes, there is evidence for a second population of black hole binaries in which at least one the binaries' members is the product of an earlier merger between black holes. These binaries are typically referred to as signals of hierarchical mergers. Such a population can possibly explain the observation of very massive black hole binaries by the LVK collaboration. We find that the LVK observations give a statistical preference in log-likelihood of up to $- 2 Δln\mathcal{L} = -150$ or in log-Bayes factor of up to $ln\textrm{BF} = 71$, for the full sample of black hole binaries originating from a combination of black holes following a power-law distribution and black holes from hierarchical mergers. The ratio of black holes following a power-law mass-distribution to a mass-distribution expected from hierarchical mergers is found to be as high as one-to-one. We also consider that some of the LVK black hole merging binaries are the result of primordial black holes (PBHs), merging inside dark matter halos and in the intergalactic medium. Adding a third population is preferred. [abridged] |
| title | Binary Black Holes population synthesis based on the current LVK observations |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08785 |