Quantum Simulation of Massive Relativistic Fields in 2 + 1 Dimensions
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866914408049934336 |
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| author | Zhang, Yansheng Wang, Feiyang Wong, Paul H. C. Jenkins, Alexander C. Konstantinou, Konstantinos Dogra, Nishant Thywissen, Joseph H. Eigen, Christoph Hadzibabic, Zoran |
| author_facet | Zhang, Yansheng Wang, Feiyang Wong, Paul H. C. Jenkins, Alexander C. Konstantinou, Konstantinos Dogra, Nishant Thywissen, Joseph H. Eigen, Christoph Hadzibabic, Zoran |
| contents | Quantum field theories provide fundamental models of complex interacting systems, from high-energy physics and cosmology to condensed matter. However, solving these models in non-perturbative and dynamical regimes is often extremely challenging, particularly in more than one spatial dimension. Analog simulation using tunable synthetic quantum systems can both verify existing theoretical predictions and lead to new physical insights. Here, we realize quantum simulation of massive relativistic fields in $2+1$ dimensions (two spatial dimensions and time), using two coherently coupled spin components in a uniform two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. Specifically, we encode the paradigmatic sine-Gordon model in the field describing the relative phase, $ϕ$, of the two components. We show that, in the perturbative regime, collective field excitations exhibit a relativistic dispersion with a tuneable mass gap. We also observe explicitly non-perturbative phenomena, including the existence of topological domain walls across which $ϕ$ rapidly winds by $2π$. Our work opens possibilities for studies of cosmologically relevant phenomena including preheating, dynamics of topological defects, and relativistic false-vacuum decay. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_08840 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Quantum Simulation of Massive Relativistic Fields in 2 + 1 Dimensions Zhang, Yansheng Wang, Feiyang Wong, Paul H. C. Jenkins, Alexander C. Konstantinou, Konstantinos Dogra, Nishant Thywissen, Joseph H. Eigen, Christoph Hadzibabic, Zoran Quantum Gases Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Theory Atomic Physics Quantum Physics Quantum field theories provide fundamental models of complex interacting systems, from high-energy physics and cosmology to condensed matter. However, solving these models in non-perturbative and dynamical regimes is often extremely challenging, particularly in more than one spatial dimension. Analog simulation using tunable synthetic quantum systems can both verify existing theoretical predictions and lead to new physical insights. Here, we realize quantum simulation of massive relativistic fields in $2+1$ dimensions (two spatial dimensions and time), using two coherently coupled spin components in a uniform two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. Specifically, we encode the paradigmatic sine-Gordon model in the field describing the relative phase, $ϕ$, of the two components. We show that, in the perturbative regime, collective field excitations exhibit a relativistic dispersion with a tuneable mass gap. We also observe explicitly non-perturbative phenomena, including the existence of topological domain walls across which $ϕ$ rapidly winds by $2π$. Our work opens possibilities for studies of cosmologically relevant phenomena including preheating, dynamics of topological defects, and relativistic false-vacuum decay. |
| title | Quantum Simulation of Massive Relativistic Fields in 2 + 1 Dimensions |
| topic | Quantum Gases Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Theory Atomic Physics Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08840 |