From Verification to Amplification: Auditing Reverse Image Search as Algorithmic Gatekeeping in Visual Misinformation Fact-checking

Fuente: arXiv
Salvato in:
Dettagli Bibliografici
Autori principali: Lin, Cong, Chen, Yifei, Chen, Jiangyue, Lu, Yingdan, Peng, Yilang, Shen, Cuihua
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
Soggetti:
Accesso online:
Tags: Aggiungi Tag
Nessun Tag, puoi essere il primo ad aggiungerne!!
_version_ 1866911501215858688
author Lin, Cong
Chen, Yifei
Chen, Jiangyue
Lu, Yingdan
Peng, Yilang
Shen, Cuihua
author_facet Lin, Cong
Chen, Yifei
Chen, Jiangyue
Lu, Yingdan
Peng, Yilang
Shen, Cuihua
contents As visual misinformation becomes increasingly prevalent, platform algorithms act as intermediaries that curate information for users' verification practices. Yet, it remains unclear how algorithmic gatekeeping tools, such as reverse image search (RIS), shape users' information exposure during fact-checking. This study systematically audits Google RIS by reversely searching newly identified misleading images over a 15-day window and analyzing 34,486 collected top-ranked search results. We find that Google RIS returns a substantial volume of irrelevant information and repeated misinformation, whereas debunking content constitutes less than 30% of search results. Debunking content faces visibility challenges in rankings amid repeated misinformation and irrelevant information. Our findings also indicate an inverted U-shaped curve of RIS results page quality over time, likely due to search engine "data voids" when visual falsehoods first appear. These findings contribute to scholarship of visual misinformation verification, and extend algorithmic gatekeeping research to the visual domain.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_09130
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle From Verification to Amplification: Auditing Reverse Image Search as Algorithmic Gatekeeping in Visual Misinformation Fact-checking
Lin, Cong
Chen, Yifei
Chen, Jiangyue
Lu, Yingdan
Peng, Yilang
Shen, Cuihua
Social and Information Networks
Computers and Society
Information Retrieval
As visual misinformation becomes increasingly prevalent, platform algorithms act as intermediaries that curate information for users' verification practices. Yet, it remains unclear how algorithmic gatekeeping tools, such as reverse image search (RIS), shape users' information exposure during fact-checking. This study systematically audits Google RIS by reversely searching newly identified misleading images over a 15-day window and analyzing 34,486 collected top-ranked search results. We find that Google RIS returns a substantial volume of irrelevant information and repeated misinformation, whereas debunking content constitutes less than 30% of search results. Debunking content faces visibility challenges in rankings amid repeated misinformation and irrelevant information. Our findings also indicate an inverted U-shaped curve of RIS results page quality over time, likely due to search engine "data voids" when visual falsehoods first appear. These findings contribute to scholarship of visual misinformation verification, and extend algorithmic gatekeeping research to the visual domain.
title From Verification to Amplification: Auditing Reverse Image Search as Algorithmic Gatekeeping in Visual Misinformation Fact-checking
topic Social and Information Networks
Computers and Society
Information Retrieval
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09130