Statistical consistency of sign-switching vacuum energy with cosmological observations
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866915849839837184 |
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| author | Khandelwal, Sehjal Capistrano, Abraão J. S. Kumar, Suresh |
| author_facet | Khandelwal, Sehjal Capistrano, Abraão J. S. Kumar, Suresh |
| contents | We assess dataset agreement and late-time predictive adequacy in $Λ$CDM and its sign-switching extension, $Λ_{\rm s}$CDM, using a suite of Gaussian and exact non-Gaussian consistency diagnostics. Both models are constrained with cosmic microwave background measurements from Planck, ACT, and SPT, baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI DR2, and low-redshift Type Ia supernova data from PantheonPlus+SH0ES. We find that commonly used Gaussian tension metrics can significantly overstate inconsistencies when broad, non-Gaussian posteriors are combined with tightly constrained datasets. In contrast, the exact non-Gaussian parameter shift indicates excellent consistency between CMB and BAO observations in both models. The $Λ_{\rm s}$CDM extension modestly improves geometric compatibility at intermediate redshifts, although reductions in parameter-level tension do not necessarily imply improved predictive consistency. These results highlight the importance of exact, non-Gaussian, and predictive diagnostics for robust assessments of cosmological model consistency. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_09270 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Statistical consistency of sign-switching vacuum energy with cosmological observations Khandelwal, Sehjal Capistrano, Abraão J. S. Kumar, Suresh Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology We assess dataset agreement and late-time predictive adequacy in $Λ$CDM and its sign-switching extension, $Λ_{\rm s}$CDM, using a suite of Gaussian and exact non-Gaussian consistency diagnostics. Both models are constrained with cosmic microwave background measurements from Planck, ACT, and SPT, baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI DR2, and low-redshift Type Ia supernova data from PantheonPlus+SH0ES. We find that commonly used Gaussian tension metrics can significantly overstate inconsistencies when broad, non-Gaussian posteriors are combined with tightly constrained datasets. In contrast, the exact non-Gaussian parameter shift indicates excellent consistency between CMB and BAO observations in both models. The $Λ_{\rm s}$CDM extension modestly improves geometric compatibility at intermediate redshifts, although reductions in parameter-level tension do not necessarily imply improved predictive consistency. These results highlight the importance of exact, non-Gaussian, and predictive diagnostics for robust assessments of cosmological model consistency. |
| title | Statistical consistency of sign-switching vacuum energy with cosmological observations |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09270 |