POLAR-II: modeling star formation history of galaxies on the 21-cm signal from Epoch of Reionization
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2026
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| author | Ma, Qing-Bo Ghara, Raghunath Ciardi, Benedetta Acharya, Anshuman Yue, Bin Iliev, Ilian T. Koopmans, Léon V. E. Mellema, Garrelt Zaroubi, Saleem |
| author_facet | Ma, Qing-Bo Ghara, Raghunath Ciardi, Benedetta Acharya, Anshuman Yue, Bin Iliev, Ilian T. Koopmans, Léon V. E. Mellema, Garrelt Zaroubi, Saleem |
| contents | Galaxies may suffer some starburst and quenched periods in their history due to e.g. galaxy mergers and feedback. However, semi-numerical simulations of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) typically do not accurately model the effects of the star formation history (SFH) of galaxies. Keeping the same total ionizing photon budget from galaxies, we investigate how the ionization and heating of the Intergalactic Medium (IGM), as well as the associated 21-cm signal during the EoR, depends on the variations in the modeling of the SFH of galaxies. We adopt the Jiutian-300 N-body dark matter simulation and the semi-analytic model L-Galaxies 2020 to model galaxy formation. Using the galaxy catalog from L-Galaxies 2020 as input, we post-process the Jiutian-300 density field with the one-dimensional radiative transfer code Grizzly to model the reionization process and the 21-cm signal. We find that the ionized regions produced by galaxies with a SFH derived from L-Galaxies 2020 are slightly larger and warmer than the ones obtained with a constant SFR. For a fixed stellar mass, galaxies produce smaller ionized regions with increasing stellar mass weighted stellar age $τ_{\rm age}$. This results in a different topology and timing of the IGM ionization and heating obtained from Grizzly. The SFH of galaxies is highly dependent on $τ_{\rm age}$ and redshift. Different models of the galactic SFH affect the gas heating and ionizing processes during the EoR, and as a consequence also the 21-cm global signal and power spectrum. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_09805 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | POLAR-II: modeling star formation history of galaxies on the 21-cm signal from Epoch of Reionization Ma, Qing-Bo Ghara, Raghunath Ciardi, Benedetta Acharya, Anshuman Yue, Bin Iliev, Ilian T. Koopmans, Léon V. E. Mellema, Garrelt Zaroubi, Saleem Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Galaxies may suffer some starburst and quenched periods in their history due to e.g. galaxy mergers and feedback. However, semi-numerical simulations of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) typically do not accurately model the effects of the star formation history (SFH) of galaxies. Keeping the same total ionizing photon budget from galaxies, we investigate how the ionization and heating of the Intergalactic Medium (IGM), as well as the associated 21-cm signal during the EoR, depends on the variations in the modeling of the SFH of galaxies. We adopt the Jiutian-300 N-body dark matter simulation and the semi-analytic model L-Galaxies 2020 to model galaxy formation. Using the galaxy catalog from L-Galaxies 2020 as input, we post-process the Jiutian-300 density field with the one-dimensional radiative transfer code Grizzly to model the reionization process and the 21-cm signal. We find that the ionized regions produced by galaxies with a SFH derived from L-Galaxies 2020 are slightly larger and warmer than the ones obtained with a constant SFR. For a fixed stellar mass, galaxies produce smaller ionized regions with increasing stellar mass weighted stellar age $τ_{\rm age}$. This results in a different topology and timing of the IGM ionization and heating obtained from Grizzly. The SFH of galaxies is highly dependent on $τ_{\rm age}$ and redshift. Different models of the galactic SFH affect the gas heating and ionizing processes during the EoR, and as a consequence also the 21-cm global signal and power spectrum. |
| title | POLAR-II: modeling star formation history of galaxies on the 21-cm signal from Epoch of Reionization |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09805 |