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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kühl, Kristin E. J., Rediger, Katharina, Khera, Nikhita, Spindler, Ephraim, Niedner-Schatteburg, Gereon, Neu, Elke, Weiler, Mathias, von Freymann, Georg
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09871
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author Kühl, Kristin E. J.
Rediger, Katharina
Khera, Nikhita
Spindler, Ephraim
Niedner-Schatteburg, Gereon
Neu, Elke
Weiler, Mathias
von Freymann, Georg
author_facet Kühl, Kristin E. J.
Rediger, Katharina
Khera, Nikhita
Spindler, Ephraim
Niedner-Schatteburg, Gereon
Neu, Elke
Weiler, Mathias
von Freymann, Georg
contents Direct laser writing of ferromagnetic microstructures is of great interest for sensing and data storage in compact three-dimensional architectures. However, reliable direct laser writing of metallic and even more so ferromagnetic materials remains a major challenge. Here, we present a novel photoresist suitable to direct laser write ferromagnetic nickel based on sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. By combining an in-situ photochemical deoxygenation process with a sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion process as well as a photoreduction of Ni2+ ions, the deposition of metallic nickel is enabled under ambient conditions. Using this approach, nickel structures are fabricated as a proof of concept. Scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis confirm the spatially confined deposition of nickel, while magnetic characterization by vibrating sample magnetometry and scanning NV magnetometry demonstrate the ferromagnetic nature of the printed structures. This work presents a major step forward in extending the possibilities of direct laser writing to metallic and ferromagnetic materials.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_09871
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Direct Laser Writing of Ferromagnetic Nickel Utilizing the Principle of Sensitized Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
Kühl, Kristin E. J.
Rediger, Katharina
Khera, Nikhita
Spindler, Ephraim
Niedner-Schatteburg, Gereon
Neu, Elke
Weiler, Mathias
von Freymann, Georg
Materials Science
Optics
Direct laser writing of ferromagnetic microstructures is of great interest for sensing and data storage in compact three-dimensional architectures. However, reliable direct laser writing of metallic and even more so ferromagnetic materials remains a major challenge. Here, we present a novel photoresist suitable to direct laser write ferromagnetic nickel based on sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. By combining an in-situ photochemical deoxygenation process with a sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion process as well as a photoreduction of Ni2+ ions, the deposition of metallic nickel is enabled under ambient conditions. Using this approach, nickel structures are fabricated as a proof of concept. Scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis confirm the spatially confined deposition of nickel, while magnetic characterization by vibrating sample magnetometry and scanning NV magnetometry demonstrate the ferromagnetic nature of the printed structures. This work presents a major step forward in extending the possibilities of direct laser writing to metallic and ferromagnetic materials.
title Direct Laser Writing of Ferromagnetic Nickel Utilizing the Principle of Sensitized Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
topic Materials Science
Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09871