Synthetic design of force-responsive hydrogels with ring-forming catch bonds

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Laeremans, Wout, Ellenbroek, Wouter G.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Laeremans, Wout
Ellenbroek, Wouter G.
author_facet Laeremans, Wout
Ellenbroek, Wouter G.
contents Catch bonds are interactions whose lifetimes increase under mechanical load, a counterintuitive behaviour that underlies diverse biological processes. Translating this mechanism to synthetic materials offers the potential to create systems that are compliant at low stress but stiffen under applied force, with applications ranging from impact-responsive materials to dynamic tissue scaffolds. However, engineering materials with tunable, force-dependent interactions remains challenging, and existing conceptual designs are limited. Here, we present a minimal synthetic framework for catch bond behaviour in dynamic hydrogels, based on reversible ring-forming polymers. Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we show that hydrogels with such a chemistry undergo fewer bond-breaking reactions as the stress increases and can even display a non-monotonic dependence of the strain rate on the applied stress. Our results highlight the potential of reversible ring formation as a versatile platform for designing mechanically adaptive materials with tunable durability and responsiveness.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_09911
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Synthetic design of force-responsive hydrogels with ring-forming catch bonds
Laeremans, Wout
Ellenbroek, Wouter G.
Soft Condensed Matter
Materials Science
Chemical Physics
Catch bonds are interactions whose lifetimes increase under mechanical load, a counterintuitive behaviour that underlies diverse biological processes. Translating this mechanism to synthetic materials offers the potential to create systems that are compliant at low stress but stiffen under applied force, with applications ranging from impact-responsive materials to dynamic tissue scaffolds. However, engineering materials with tunable, force-dependent interactions remains challenging, and existing conceptual designs are limited. Here, we present a minimal synthetic framework for catch bond behaviour in dynamic hydrogels, based on reversible ring-forming polymers. Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we show that hydrogels with such a chemistry undergo fewer bond-breaking reactions as the stress increases and can even display a non-monotonic dependence of the strain rate on the applied stress. Our results highlight the potential of reversible ring formation as a versatile platform for designing mechanically adaptive materials with tunable durability and responsiveness.
title Synthetic design of force-responsive hydrogels with ring-forming catch bonds
topic Soft Condensed Matter
Materials Science
Chemical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09911