Black Hole Properties of Type-1 Active Galactic Nuclei in the North Ecliptic Pole Wide Field: I. Mid-infrared Sources with Optical Counterparts
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Kim, Dohyeong Im, Myungshin Shim, Hyunjin Kim, Minjin Lim, Gu Park, Junyeong Jeong, Hayeong Kim, Yongjung Yoon, Yongmin Kim, Seong Jin Toba, Yoshiki Goto, Tomotsugu Oi, Nagisa Song, Hyunmi |
| author_facet | Kim, Dohyeong Im, Myungshin Shim, Hyunjin Kim, Minjin Lim, Gu Park, Junyeong Jeong, Hayeong Kim, Yongjung Yoon, Yongmin Kim, Seong Jin Toba, Yoshiki Goto, Tomotsugu Oi, Nagisa Song, Hyunmi |
| contents | We present measurements of black hole (BH) properties of 861 Type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP)-Wide field. These AGNs are detected in both optical and mid-infrared (MIR) surveys and are identified as Type-1 AGNs in optical spectroscopic surveys. By performing spectral energy distribution (SED) and line fitting, we obtained their MIR continuum luminosities ($L_{\rm MIR}$) as well as full width at half maximum (FWHM) values for the \ion{C}{4}, \ion{Mg}{2}, H$β$, and H$α$ lines. Using these measurements, we derived bolometric luminosities ($10^{43.20}$--$10^{47.27}~{\rm erg~s^{-1}}$), BH masses ($10^{7.29}$--$10^{9.67}$\,$M_{\odot}$), and Eddington ratios ($10^{-2.74}$--$10^{-0.08}$) for $\sim$450 objects over a wide redshift range ($z=0.09$--$4.71$). The use of $L_{\rm MIR}$ and FWHM values effectively alleviates the effects of dust extinction, enabling reliable estimates of BH properties even for dust-obscured AGNs. Moreover, we find that 34\,\% of the Type-1 AGNs in the NEP-Wide field are dust-obscured, and that their bolometric luminosities can be significantly underestimated without proper dust extinction correction. Our relatively extinction-free BH property estimates can (i) be combined with multi-wavelength data in the NEP-Wide field to facilitate diverse studies of AGN environments, number densities, host galaxies, and related topics, and (ii) serve as fiducial estimates for SPHEREx and other upcoming infrared (IR) spectroscopic missions covering the NEP-Wide field. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_09976 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Black Hole Properties of Type-1 Active Galactic Nuclei in the North Ecliptic Pole Wide Field: I. Mid-infrared Sources with Optical Counterparts Kim, Dohyeong Im, Myungshin Shim, Hyunjin Kim, Minjin Lim, Gu Park, Junyeong Jeong, Hayeong Kim, Yongjung Yoon, Yongmin Kim, Seong Jin Toba, Yoshiki Goto, Tomotsugu Oi, Nagisa Song, Hyunmi Astrophysics of Galaxies We present measurements of black hole (BH) properties of 861 Type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP)-Wide field. These AGNs are detected in both optical and mid-infrared (MIR) surveys and are identified as Type-1 AGNs in optical spectroscopic surveys. By performing spectral energy distribution (SED) and line fitting, we obtained their MIR continuum luminosities ($L_{\rm MIR}$) as well as full width at half maximum (FWHM) values for the \ion{C}{4}, \ion{Mg}{2}, H$β$, and H$α$ lines. Using these measurements, we derived bolometric luminosities ($10^{43.20}$--$10^{47.27}~{\rm erg~s^{-1}}$), BH masses ($10^{7.29}$--$10^{9.67}$\,$M_{\odot}$), and Eddington ratios ($10^{-2.74}$--$10^{-0.08}$) for $\sim$450 objects over a wide redshift range ($z=0.09$--$4.71$). The use of $L_{\rm MIR}$ and FWHM values effectively alleviates the effects of dust extinction, enabling reliable estimates of BH properties even for dust-obscured AGNs. Moreover, we find that 34\,\% of the Type-1 AGNs in the NEP-Wide field are dust-obscured, and that their bolometric luminosities can be significantly underestimated without proper dust extinction correction. Our relatively extinction-free BH property estimates can (i) be combined with multi-wavelength data in the NEP-Wide field to facilitate diverse studies of AGN environments, number densities, host galaxies, and related topics, and (ii) serve as fiducial estimates for SPHEREx and other upcoming infrared (IR) spectroscopic missions covering the NEP-Wide field. |
| title | Black Hole Properties of Type-1 Active Galactic Nuclei in the North Ecliptic Pole Wide Field: I. Mid-infrared Sources with Optical Counterparts |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09976 |