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Main Authors: Mougan, Carlos, Morlock, Lauritz, Aguirre, Jair, Black, James R. M., Brauner, Jan, Campos, Simeon, Dev, Sunishchal, Llorca, David Fernández, Franzin, Alberto, Fritz, Mario, Gómez, Emilia, Grosse-Holz, Friederike, Hamilton, Eloise, Hasin, Max, Hernandez-Orallo, Jose, Lahav, Dan, Massarelli, Luca, Mavroudis, Vasilios, Murray, Malcolm, Paskov, Patricia, Raldua, Jaime, Schellaert, Wout
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10017
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author Mougan, Carlos
Morlock, Lauritz
Aguirre, Jair
Black, James R. M.
Brauner, Jan
Campos, Simeon
Dev, Sunishchal
Llorca, David Fernández
Franzin, Alberto
Fritz, Mario
Gómez, Emilia
Grosse-Holz, Friederike
Hamilton, Eloise
Hasin, Max
Hernandez-Orallo, Jose
Lahav, Dan
Massarelli, Luca
Mavroudis, Vasilios
Murray, Malcolm
Paskov, Patricia
Raldua, Jaime
Schellaert, Wout
author_facet Mougan, Carlos
Morlock, Lauritz
Aguirre, Jair
Black, James R. M.
Brauner, Jan
Campos, Simeon
Dev, Sunishchal
Llorca, David Fernández
Franzin, Alberto
Fritz, Mario
Gómez, Emilia
Grosse-Holz, Friederike
Hamilton, Eloise
Hasin, Max
Hernandez-Orallo, Jose
Lahav, Dan
Massarelli, Luca
Mavroudis, Vasilios
Murray, Malcolm
Paskov, Patricia
Raldua, Jaime
Schellaert, Wout
contents A global challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation lies in achieving effective risk management without compromising innovation and technical progress. The European Union (EU) Artificial Intelligence Act represents the first regulatory attempt worldwide to navigate this tension in the form of a binding, risk-based framework. In August 2025, obligations for providers of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models under the EU AI Act entered into application. They require providers of the most advanced GPAI models to evaluate possible systemic risks stemming from their models. This raises the regulatory challenge of ensuring that the evaluations provide meaningful risk information without imposing excessive burden on providers. The principle of proportionality, a binding requirement under EU law, requires the regulator to calibrate its actions to their intended objectives. The application of proportionality to model evaluations for AI risk opens opportunities to develop scientific methods that operationalize such calibration within concrete evaluation practices.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_10017
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The science and practice of proportionality in AI risk evaluations
Mougan, Carlos
Morlock, Lauritz
Aguirre, Jair
Black, James R. M.
Brauner, Jan
Campos, Simeon
Dev, Sunishchal
Llorca, David Fernández
Franzin, Alberto
Fritz, Mario
Gómez, Emilia
Grosse-Holz, Friederike
Hamilton, Eloise
Hasin, Max
Hernandez-Orallo, Jose
Lahav, Dan
Massarelli, Luca
Mavroudis, Vasilios
Murray, Malcolm
Paskov, Patricia
Raldua, Jaime
Schellaert, Wout
Computers and Society
A global challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation lies in achieving effective risk management without compromising innovation and technical progress. The European Union (EU) Artificial Intelligence Act represents the first regulatory attempt worldwide to navigate this tension in the form of a binding, risk-based framework. In August 2025, obligations for providers of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models under the EU AI Act entered into application. They require providers of the most advanced GPAI models to evaluate possible systemic risks stemming from their models. This raises the regulatory challenge of ensuring that the evaluations provide meaningful risk information without imposing excessive burden on providers. The principle of proportionality, a binding requirement under EU law, requires the regulator to calibrate its actions to their intended objectives. The application of proportionality to model evaluations for AI risk opens opportunities to develop scientific methods that operationalize such calibration within concrete evaluation practices.
title The science and practice of proportionality in AI risk evaluations
topic Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10017