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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Coley, Joel B., Ballhausen, Ralf, Brumback, McKinley, Corbet, Robin H. D., Diez, Camille M., Fuerst, Felix, Islam, Nazma, Jaisawal, Gaurava K., Kretschmar, Peter, Malacaria, Christian, Pottschmidt, Katja, Pradhan, Pragati
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10111
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Table of Contents:
  • We report on a pair of X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) observations of the Supergiant X-ray binary 4U 1909+07, which were performed on 2021 October 3 and 2021 October 8, respectively. We measure the neutron star rotation period in each observation to be $\sim$602.62 s. This continues a long spin-up trend that has persisted since 2001 where the neutron star spin period was found to be $\sim$604.66 s. In our timing analysis, we observe strong variations in the amplitude of the 1--10 keV pulse profile as a function of time, and for the first time we find a low flux interval extending for a single pulse period in which pulsations are no longer detected. We interpret this low flux interval as a pulse dropout similar to those observed in Vela X-1 and GX 301-2, which were each explained by a low-density cavity in the wind driving the propeller effect. In our time-resolved spectral analysis, we observed the spectral continuum, which can be described as an absorbed power law modified by a high-energy cutoff, to significantly soften during the pulse-dropout phase. No evidence of an increasing absorption column density was found. The observed softening in 4U 1909+07 also supports an interpretation that the observed pulse dropout may be driven by the propeller effect, but the quasi-spherical settling accretion regime cannot be ruled out.