Effective theory of surface oscillations in self-bound superfluid droplets
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866908878134837248 |
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| author | Mitsuhashi, Jun Fujii, Keisuke Hongo, Masaru |
| author_facet | Mitsuhashi, Jun Fujii, Keisuke Hongo, Masaru |
| contents | We investigate the low-energy dynamics of small-amplitude surface oscillations of spherical superfluid droplets in vacuum. Starting from the effective field theory of superfluid phonons, we derive an effective action governing the surface oscillations under a fixed particle-number constraint. The normal-mode eigenfrequencies $ω_{\ell}$ for each angular momentum quantum number $\ell$ are determined and shown to depend on a dimensionless parameter measuring the ratio of surface tension to bulk compressibility energy. We identify a critical value of this parameters at which the breathing mode ($\ell = 0$) becomes mechanically unstable, and show that all multipole surface modes with $\ell \geq 2$ enter the low-energy regime when the surface tension is sufficiently small. Within this regime, we further quantize the surface oscillations, whose quanta correspond to ripplons, allowing the construction of general multi-ripplon states obeying angular-momentum selection rules. We also apply our formalism to a concrete example: a weakly interacting two-component Bose mixture realizing a self-bound superfluid droplet. The resulting description is universal in the sense that it applies to surface dynamics of generic nonrelativistic superfluids with a free interface, independent of microscopic details. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_10304 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Effective theory of surface oscillations in self-bound superfluid droplets Mitsuhashi, Jun Fujii, Keisuke Hongo, Masaru Quantum Gases High Energy Physics - Theory Nuclear Theory We investigate the low-energy dynamics of small-amplitude surface oscillations of spherical superfluid droplets in vacuum. Starting from the effective field theory of superfluid phonons, we derive an effective action governing the surface oscillations under a fixed particle-number constraint. The normal-mode eigenfrequencies $ω_{\ell}$ for each angular momentum quantum number $\ell$ are determined and shown to depend on a dimensionless parameter measuring the ratio of surface tension to bulk compressibility energy. We identify a critical value of this parameters at which the breathing mode ($\ell = 0$) becomes mechanically unstable, and show that all multipole surface modes with $\ell \geq 2$ enter the low-energy regime when the surface tension is sufficiently small. Within this regime, we further quantize the surface oscillations, whose quanta correspond to ripplons, allowing the construction of general multi-ripplon states obeying angular-momentum selection rules. We also apply our formalism to a concrete example: a weakly interacting two-component Bose mixture realizing a self-bound superfluid droplet. The resulting description is universal in the sense that it applies to surface dynamics of generic nonrelativistic superfluids with a free interface, independent of microscopic details. |
| title | Effective theory of surface oscillations in self-bound superfluid droplets |
| topic | Quantum Gases High Energy Physics - Theory Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10304 |