Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Liang, Yuzhi, Xiao, Shiliang, Wei, Jingsong, Lin, Qiliang, Li, Xia
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10842
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866910049366966272
author Liang, Yuzhi
Xiao, Shiliang
Wei, Jingsong
Lin, Qiliang
Li, Xia
author_facet Liang, Yuzhi
Xiao, Shiliang
Wei, Jingsong
Lin, Qiliang
Li, Xia
contents Existing hard-label text attacks often rely on inefficient "outside-in" strategies that traverse vast search spaces. We propose PivotAttack, a query-efficient "inside-out" framework. It employs a Multi-Armed Bandit algorithm to identify Pivot Sets-combinatorial token groups acting as prediction anchors-and strategically perturbs them to induce label flips. This approach captures inter-word dependencies and minimizes query costs. Extensive experiments across traditional models and Large Language Models demonstrate that PivotAttack consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in both Attack Success Rate and query efficiency.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_10842
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle PivotAttack: Rethinking the Search Trajectory in Hard-Label Text Attacks via Pivot Words
Liang, Yuzhi
Xiao, Shiliang
Wei, Jingsong
Lin, Qiliang
Li, Xia
Computation and Language
Existing hard-label text attacks often rely on inefficient "outside-in" strategies that traverse vast search spaces. We propose PivotAttack, a query-efficient "inside-out" framework. It employs a Multi-Armed Bandit algorithm to identify Pivot Sets-combinatorial token groups acting as prediction anchors-and strategically perturbs them to induce label flips. This approach captures inter-word dependencies and minimizes query costs. Extensive experiments across traditional models and Large Language Models demonstrate that PivotAttack consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in both Attack Success Rate and query efficiency.
title PivotAttack: Rethinking the Search Trajectory in Hard-Label Text Attacks via Pivot Words
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10842