Buchumschlag

Gravitational Wave Measurement of the Mbh-Mbulge Intrinsic Scatter at High Redshift

Fuente: arXiv

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Matt, Cayenne, Gültekin, Kayhan, Agazie, Gabriella, Agarwal, Nikita, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baier, Jeremy G., Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burnette, Rand, Case, Robin, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dey, Lankeswar, Dolch, Timothy, Doskoch, Graham M., Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Gardiner, Emiko C., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Harris, C. J., Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaplan, David L., Sreekumar, Anala Kavumkandathil, Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Larsen, Bjorn, Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., Martsen, Ashley, McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Nichols, Shania, Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Petrov, Polina, Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Runnoe, Jessie C., Saffer, Alexander, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Jacob, Taylor, Stephen R., Thompson, Mercedes S., Turner, Jacob E., Vallisneri, Michele, van Haasteren, Rutger, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Wilson, Kevin P., Witt, Caitlin A., Wright, David, Young, Olivia
Format:	Preprint
Veröffentlicht:	2026
Schlagworte:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies
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_version_	1866910049586118656
author	Matt, Cayenne Gültekin, Kayhan Agazie, Gabriella Agarwal, Nikita Anumarlapudi, Akash Archibald, Anne M. Arzoumanian, Zaven Baier, Jeremy G. Baker, Paul T. Bécsy, Bence Blecha, Laura Brazier, Adam Brook, Paul R. Burke-Spolaor, Sarah Burnette, Rand Case, Robin Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew Charisi, Maria Chatterjee, Shami Cohen, Tyler Cordes, James M. Cornish, Neil J. Crawford, Fronefield Cromartie, H. Thankful Crowter, Kathryn DeCesar, Megan E. Demorest, Paul B. Deng, Heling Dey, Lankeswar Dolch, Timothy Doskoch, Graham M. Ferrara, Elizabeth C. Fiore, William Fonseca, Emmanuel Freedman, Gabriel E. Gardiner, Emiko C. Garver-Daniels, Nate Gentile, Peter A. Gersbach, Kyle A. Glaser, Joseph Good, Deborah C. Harris, C. J. Hazboun, Jeffrey S. Jennings, Ross J. Johnson, Aaron D. Jones, Megan L. Kaplan, David L. Sreekumar, Anala Kavumkandathil Kelley, Luke Zoltan Kerr, Matthew Key, Joey S. Laal, Nima Lam, Michael T. Lamb, William G. Larsen, Bjorn Lazio, T. Joseph W. Lewandowska, Natalia Liu, Tingting Lorimer, Duncan R. Luo, Jing Lynch, Ryan S. Ma, Chung-Pei Madison, Dustin R. Martsen, Ashley McEwen, Alexander McKee, James W. McLaughlin, Maura A. McMann, Natasha Meyers, Bradley W. Meyers, Patrick M. Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. Mitridate, Andrea Ng, Cherry Nice, David J. Nichols, Shania Ocker, Stella Koch Olum, Ken D. Pennucci, Timothy T. Perera, Benetge B. P. Petrov, Polina Pol, Nihan S. Radovan, Henri A. Ransom, Scott M. Ray, Paul S. Romano, Joseph D. Runnoe, Jessie C. Saffer, Alexander Sardesai, Shashwat C. Schmiedekamp, Ann Schmiedekamp, Carl Schmitz, Kai Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. Siemens, Xavier Simon, Joseph Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa Stairs, Ingrid H. Stinebring, Daniel R. Stovall, Kevin Susobhanan, Abhimanyu Swiggum, Joseph K. Taylor, Jacob Taylor, Stephen R. Thompson, Mercedes S. Turner, Jacob E. Vallisneri, Michele van Haasteren, Rutger Vigeland, Sarah J. Wahl, Haley M. Wilson, Kevin P. Witt, Caitlin A. Wright, David Young, Olivia
author_facet	Matt, Cayenne Gültekin, Kayhan Agazie, Gabriella Agarwal, Nikita Anumarlapudi, Akash Archibald, Anne M. Arzoumanian, Zaven Baier, Jeremy G. Baker, Paul T. Bécsy, Bence Blecha, Laura Brazier, Adam Brook, Paul R. Burke-Spolaor, Sarah Burnette, Rand Case, Robin Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew Charisi, Maria Chatterjee, Shami Cohen, Tyler Cordes, James M. Cornish, Neil J. Crawford, Fronefield Cromartie, H. Thankful Crowter, Kathryn DeCesar, Megan E. Demorest, Paul B. Deng, Heling Dey, Lankeswar Dolch, Timothy Doskoch, Graham M. Ferrara, Elizabeth C. Fiore, William Fonseca, Emmanuel Freedman, Gabriel E. Gardiner, Emiko C. Garver-Daniels, Nate Gentile, Peter A. Gersbach, Kyle A. Glaser, Joseph Good, Deborah C. Harris, C. J. Hazboun, Jeffrey S. Jennings, Ross J. Johnson, Aaron D. Jones, Megan L. Kaplan, David L. Sreekumar, Anala Kavumkandathil Kelley, Luke Zoltan Kerr, Matthew Key, Joey S. Laal, Nima Lam, Michael T. Lamb, William G. Larsen, Bjorn Lazio, T. Joseph W. Lewandowska, Natalia Liu, Tingting Lorimer, Duncan R. Luo, Jing Lynch, Ryan S. Ma, Chung-Pei Madison, Dustin R. Martsen, Ashley McEwen, Alexander McKee, James W. McLaughlin, Maura A. McMann, Natasha Meyers, Bradley W. Meyers, Patrick M. Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. Mitridate, Andrea Ng, Cherry Nice, David J. Nichols, Shania Ocker, Stella Koch Olum, Ken D. Pennucci, Timothy T. Perera, Benetge B. P. Petrov, Polina Pol, Nihan S. Radovan, Henri A. Ransom, Scott M. Ray, Paul S. Romano, Joseph D. Runnoe, Jessie C. Saffer, Alexander Sardesai, Shashwat C. Schmiedekamp, Ann Schmiedekamp, Carl Schmitz, Kai Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. Siemens, Xavier Simon, Joseph Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa Stairs, Ingrid H. Stinebring, Daniel R. Stovall, Kevin Susobhanan, Abhimanyu Swiggum, Joseph K. Taylor, Jacob Taylor, Stephen R. Thompson, Mercedes S. Turner, Jacob E. Vallisneri, Michele van Haasteren, Rutger Vigeland, Sarah J. Wahl, Haley M. Wilson, Kevin P. Witt, Caitlin A. Wright, David Young, Olivia
contents	The observed GWB spectrum is higher in amplitude than model predictions by a factor of 2-3. Using a semi-analytic model, we evaluate the effect of a high-scatter supermassive black hole (SMBH) scaling relation (Mbh-Mbulge) on models of the nanoHertz gravitational wave background (GWB). By implementing an intrinsic scatter of the Mbh-Mbulge relation, which is larger at higher redshift, but matches local observations, we find that the amplitude of GWB models increases to be consistent with the low-frequency end of the GWB spectrum. This amplitude increase is not uniform across frequencies, a strongly evolving scatter preferentially increases the number density of the most massive SMBHs which, in the GWB spectrum, minimizes the strength of the low-frequency turnover. Our models with positively evolving intrinsic scatter can reproduce the electromagnetically observed overmassive SMBHs at 4 < z < 6 without changing the Mbh-Mbulge normalization though we find that including moderate normalization evolution improves fits to the GWB data. We conclude that the Mbh-Mbulge relation which best describes the available GWB and electromagnetic data sets has intrinsic scatter which evolves as epsilon(z) = epsilon_0 + (0.56 +/- 0.4) log10(1 + z) and normalization which evolves as alpha(z) = alpha_0 (1 + z)^(0.84 +/- 0.35). The results of this work imply that the Mbh-Mbulge relation we see today is not universal throughout cosmic time and that a diversity of seeding models and growth mechanisms may be at play in the early stages of SMBH-galaxy evolution.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_11167
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2026
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Gravitational Wave Measurement of the Mbh-Mbulge Intrinsic Scatter at High Redshift Matt, Cayenne Gültekin, Kayhan Agazie, Gabriella Agarwal, Nikita Anumarlapudi, Akash Archibald, Anne M. Arzoumanian, Zaven Baier, Jeremy G. Baker, Paul T. Bécsy, Bence Blecha, Laura Brazier, Adam Brook, Paul R. Burke-Spolaor, Sarah Burnette, Rand Case, Robin Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew Charisi, Maria Chatterjee, Shami Cohen, Tyler Cordes, James M. Cornish, Neil J. Crawford, Fronefield Cromartie, H. Thankful Crowter, Kathryn DeCesar, Megan E. Demorest, Paul B. Deng, Heling Dey, Lankeswar Dolch, Timothy Doskoch, Graham M. Ferrara, Elizabeth C. Fiore, William Fonseca, Emmanuel Freedman, Gabriel E. Gardiner, Emiko C. Garver-Daniels, Nate Gentile, Peter A. Gersbach, Kyle A. Glaser, Joseph Good, Deborah C. Harris, C. J. Hazboun, Jeffrey S. Jennings, Ross J. Johnson, Aaron D. Jones, Megan L. Kaplan, David L. Sreekumar, Anala Kavumkandathil Kelley, Luke Zoltan Kerr, Matthew Key, Joey S. Laal, Nima Lam, Michael T. Lamb, William G. Larsen, Bjorn Lazio, T. Joseph W. Lewandowska, Natalia Liu, Tingting Lorimer, Duncan R. Luo, Jing Lynch, Ryan S. Ma, Chung-Pei Madison, Dustin R. Martsen, Ashley McEwen, Alexander McKee, James W. McLaughlin, Maura A. McMann, Natasha Meyers, Bradley W. Meyers, Patrick M. Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. Mitridate, Andrea Ng, Cherry Nice, David J. Nichols, Shania Ocker, Stella Koch Olum, Ken D. Pennucci, Timothy T. Perera, Benetge B. P. Petrov, Polina Pol, Nihan S. Radovan, Henri A. Ransom, Scott M. Ray, Paul S. Romano, Joseph D. Runnoe, Jessie C. Saffer, Alexander Sardesai, Shashwat C. Schmiedekamp, Ann Schmiedekamp, Carl Schmitz, Kai Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. Siemens, Xavier Simon, Joseph Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa Stairs, Ingrid H. Stinebring, Daniel R. Stovall, Kevin Susobhanan, Abhimanyu Swiggum, Joseph K. Taylor, Jacob Taylor, Stephen R. Thompson, Mercedes S. Turner, Jacob E. Vallisneri, Michele van Haasteren, Rutger Vigeland, Sarah J. Wahl, Haley M. Wilson, Kevin P. Witt, Caitlin A. Wright, David Young, Olivia High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies The observed GWB spectrum is higher in amplitude than model predictions by a factor of 2-3. Using a semi-analytic model, we evaluate the effect of a high-scatter supermassive black hole (SMBH) scaling relation (Mbh-Mbulge) on models of the nanoHertz gravitational wave background (GWB). By implementing an intrinsic scatter of the Mbh-Mbulge relation, which is larger at higher redshift, but matches local observations, we find that the amplitude of GWB models increases to be consistent with the low-frequency end of the GWB spectrum. This amplitude increase is not uniform across frequencies, a strongly evolving scatter preferentially increases the number density of the most massive SMBHs which, in the GWB spectrum, minimizes the strength of the low-frequency turnover. Our models with positively evolving intrinsic scatter can reproduce the electromagnetically observed overmassive SMBHs at 4 < z < 6 without changing the Mbh-Mbulge normalization though we find that including moderate normalization evolution improves fits to the GWB data. We conclude that the Mbh-Mbulge relation which best describes the available GWB and electromagnetic data sets has intrinsic scatter which evolves as epsilon(z) = epsilon_0 + (0.56 +/- 0.4) log10(1 + z) and normalization which evolves as alpha(z) = alpha_0 (1 + z)^(0.84 +/- 0.35). The results of this work imply that the Mbh-Mbulge relation we see today is not universal throughout cosmic time and that a diversity of seeding models and growth mechanisms may be at play in the early stages of SMBH-galaxy evolution.
title	Gravitational Wave Measurement of the Mbh-Mbulge Intrinsic Scatter at High Redshift
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11167