Non-volatile Multistate Magnetic Switching via Spin-orbit Torque and Intrinsic Anisotropy
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866908881739841536 |
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| author | Ye, Fei Wang, Chunzheng Zhang, Xue Jiao, Sihai Wang, Zhongjie Cheng, Long Zhu, Zhifeng Gao, Chunlei Zhai, Xiaofang |
| author_facet | Ye, Fei Wang, Chunzheng Zhang, Xue Jiao, Sihai Wang, Zhongjie Cheng, Long Zhu, Zhifeng Gao, Chunlei Zhai, Xiaofang |
| contents | While current-induced bistate spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching has been well established, deterministic electrical control of multiple magnetic states remains a central challenge in spintronics. Here, we realize a conceptually new multistate SOT device in a SrIrO_3/SrRuO_3 bilayer, hosting four intrinsically stable yet electrically distinguishable magnetic states, including two in-plane canted (IP_c^$\pm$) and two out-of-plane canted (OP_c^$\pm$) states. Pulsed current excitations fully map all twelve deterministic transitions among the four states, establishing a robust switching protocol defined by two characteristic current densities. In-situ scanning nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometry provides direct real-space evidence for the previously unobserved IP_c^$\pm$ states, and spin dynamics simulations uncover a two-step switching pathway, driven by the concerted action of spin torques and the effective anisotropy field within the fourfold anisotropy landscape. Our demonstration of the intrinsic multistate SOT device directly addresses the density bottleneck of conventional bistate SOT technology, establishing a powerful paradigm for compact, high-speed, and energy-efficient multistate spintronics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_11656 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Non-volatile Multistate Magnetic Switching via Spin-orbit Torque and Intrinsic Anisotropy Ye, Fei Wang, Chunzheng Zhang, Xue Jiao, Sihai Wang, Zhongjie Cheng, Long Zhu, Zhifeng Gao, Chunlei Zhai, Xiaofang Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Applied Physics While current-induced bistate spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching has been well established, deterministic electrical control of multiple magnetic states remains a central challenge in spintronics. Here, we realize a conceptually new multistate SOT device in a SrIrO_3/SrRuO_3 bilayer, hosting four intrinsically stable yet electrically distinguishable magnetic states, including two in-plane canted (IP_c^$\pm$) and two out-of-plane canted (OP_c^$\pm$) states. Pulsed current excitations fully map all twelve deterministic transitions among the four states, establishing a robust switching protocol defined by two characteristic current densities. In-situ scanning nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometry provides direct real-space evidence for the previously unobserved IP_c^$\pm$ states, and spin dynamics simulations uncover a two-step switching pathway, driven by the concerted action of spin torques and the effective anisotropy field within the fourfold anisotropy landscape. Our demonstration of the intrinsic multistate SOT device directly addresses the density bottleneck of conventional bistate SOT technology, establishing a powerful paradigm for compact, high-speed, and energy-efficient multistate spintronics. |
| title | Non-volatile Multistate Magnetic Switching via Spin-orbit Torque and Intrinsic Anisotropy |
| topic | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11656 |