Uncovering Locally Low-dimensional Structure in Networks by Locally Optimal Spectral Embedding

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Hauptverfasser: Sansford, Hannah, Whiteley, Nick, Rubin-Delanchy, Patrick
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Sansford, Hannah
Whiteley, Nick
Rubin-Delanchy, Patrick
author_facet Sansford, Hannah
Whiteley, Nick
Rubin-Delanchy, Patrick
contents Standard Adjacency Spectral Embedding (ASE) relies on a global low-rank assumption often incompatible with the sparse, transitive structure of real-world networks, causing local geometric features to be 'smeared'. To address this, we introduce Local Adjacency Spectral Embedding (LASE), which uncovers locally low-dimensional structure via weighted spectral decomposition. Under a latent position model with a kernel feature map, we treat the image of latent positions as a locally low-dimensional set in infinite-dimensional feature space. We establish finite-sample bounds quantifying the trade-off between the statistical cost of localisation and the reduced truncation error achieved by targeting a locally low-dimensional region of the embedding. Furthermore, we prove that sufficient localisation induces rapid spectral decay and the emergence of a distinct spectral gap, theoretically justifying low-dimensional local embeddings. Experiments on synthetic and real networks show that LASE improves local reconstruction and visualisation over global and subgraph baselines, and we introduce UMAP-LASE for assembling overlapping local embeddings into high-fidelity global visualisations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_11965
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Uncovering Locally Low-dimensional Structure in Networks by Locally Optimal Spectral Embedding
Sansford, Hannah
Whiteley, Nick
Rubin-Delanchy, Patrick
Machine Learning
Methodology
Standard Adjacency Spectral Embedding (ASE) relies on a global low-rank assumption often incompatible with the sparse, transitive structure of real-world networks, causing local geometric features to be 'smeared'. To address this, we introduce Local Adjacency Spectral Embedding (LASE), which uncovers locally low-dimensional structure via weighted spectral decomposition. Under a latent position model with a kernel feature map, we treat the image of latent positions as a locally low-dimensional set in infinite-dimensional feature space. We establish finite-sample bounds quantifying the trade-off between the statistical cost of localisation and the reduced truncation error achieved by targeting a locally low-dimensional region of the embedding. Furthermore, we prove that sufficient localisation induces rapid spectral decay and the emergence of a distinct spectral gap, theoretically justifying low-dimensional local embeddings. Experiments on synthetic and real networks show that LASE improves local reconstruction and visualisation over global and subgraph baselines, and we introduce UMAP-LASE for assembling overlapping local embeddings into high-fidelity global visualisations.
title Uncovering Locally Low-dimensional Structure in Networks by Locally Optimal Spectral Embedding
topic Machine Learning
Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11965