Single-nanoparticle detection using quasi-bound states in the continuum supported by silicon metasurfaces

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Watanabe, Keisuke, Crowther, Samuel, Iwanaga, Masanobu, Vollmer, Frank, Nagao, Tadaaki
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Watanabe, Keisuke
Crowther, Samuel
Iwanaga, Masanobu
Vollmer, Frank
Nagao, Tadaaki
author_facet Watanabe, Keisuke
Crowther, Samuel
Iwanaga, Masanobu
Vollmer, Frank
Nagao, Tadaaki
contents The detection of single particles or molecules represents a critical milestone in the development of biosensing technologies. Recently developed optical sensors based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs) have primarily focused on detecting global refractive index changes, aiming to simultaneously enhance both refractive index sensitivity and quality ($Q$) factors. However, sensors capable of resolving local refractive index perturbations, such as the binding of a nanometer-sized molecule on a surface, remain elusive and have not yet been demonstrated in BIC geometries due to the limited $Q$ factors and relatively large mode volumes. Here, we demonstrate low-contrast BIC metasurfaces that can perform sensing with a virus-sized single-nanoparticle resolution. The qBIC resonance operating at the critical coupling condition exhibits an experimental $Q$ factor of 4.5 x 10$^4$ in heavy water. The strong interaction between the localized electric field and polystyrene nanoparticles with a diameter of 100 nm enable the experimental observation of step-like resonance wavelength shifts, serving as signatures of individual particle binding events. Furthermore, binding-induced modifications to the qBIC resonance alter the optical confinement and asymmetry factor, inducing changes not only in the resonance wavelength but also in the linewidth and amplitude with single-particle sensitivity. Combined with position-insensitive response and free-space accessible features, low-contrast BIC metasurfaces provide a user-friendly platform for next-generation single-molecule sensing integrated with microfluidic systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_12135
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Single-nanoparticle detection using quasi-bound states in the continuum supported by silicon metasurfaces
Watanabe, Keisuke
Crowther, Samuel
Iwanaga, Masanobu
Vollmer, Frank
Nagao, Tadaaki
Optics
Applied Physics
The detection of single particles or molecules represents a critical milestone in the development of biosensing technologies. Recently developed optical sensors based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs) have primarily focused on detecting global refractive index changes, aiming to simultaneously enhance both refractive index sensitivity and quality ($Q$) factors. However, sensors capable of resolving local refractive index perturbations, such as the binding of a nanometer-sized molecule on a surface, remain elusive and have not yet been demonstrated in BIC geometries due to the limited $Q$ factors and relatively large mode volumes. Here, we demonstrate low-contrast BIC metasurfaces that can perform sensing with a virus-sized single-nanoparticle resolution. The qBIC resonance operating at the critical coupling condition exhibits an experimental $Q$ factor of 4.5 x 10$^4$ in heavy water. The strong interaction between the localized electric field and polystyrene nanoparticles with a diameter of 100 nm enable the experimental observation of step-like resonance wavelength shifts, serving as signatures of individual particle binding events. Furthermore, binding-induced modifications to the qBIC resonance alter the optical confinement and asymmetry factor, inducing changes not only in the resonance wavelength but also in the linewidth and amplitude with single-particle sensitivity. Combined with position-insensitive response and free-space accessible features, low-contrast BIC metasurfaces provide a user-friendly platform for next-generation single-molecule sensing integrated with microfluidic systems.
title Single-nanoparticle detection using quasi-bound states in the continuum supported by silicon metasurfaces
topic Optics
Applied Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12135