Federated Hierarchical Clustering with Automatic Selection of Optimal Cluster Numbers

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Zhang, Yue, Qiu, Chuanlong, Liao, Xinfa, Zhang, Yiqun
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Zhang, Yue
Qiu, Chuanlong
Liao, Xinfa
Zhang, Yiqun
author_facet Zhang, Yue
Qiu, Chuanlong
Liao, Xinfa
Zhang, Yiqun
contents Federated Clustering (FC) is an emerging and promising solution in exploring data distribution patterns from distributed and privacy-protected data in an unsupervised manner. Existing FC methods implicitly rely on the assumption that clients are with a known number of uniformly sized clusters. However, the true number of clusters is typically unknown, and cluster sizes are naturally imbalanced in real scenarios. Furthermore, the privacy-preserving transmission constraints in federated learning inevitably reduce usable information, making the development of robust and accurate FC extremely challenging. Accordingly, we propose a novel FC framework named Fed-$k^*$-HC, which can automatically determine an optimal number of clusters $k^*$ based on the data distribution explored through hierarchical clustering. To obtain the global data distribution for $k^*$ determination, we let each client generate micro-subclusters. Their prototypes are then uploaded to the server for hierarchical merging. The density-based merging design allows exploring clusters of varying sizes and shapes, and the progressive merging process can self-terminate according to the neighboring relationships among the prototypes to determine $k^*$. Extensive experiments on diverse datasets demonstrate the FC capability of the proposed Fed-$k^*$-HC in accurately exploring a proper number of clusters.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_12684
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Federated Hierarchical Clustering with Automatic Selection of Optimal Cluster Numbers
Zhang, Yue
Qiu, Chuanlong
Liao, Xinfa
Zhang, Yiqun
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Federated Clustering (FC) is an emerging and promising solution in exploring data distribution patterns from distributed and privacy-protected data in an unsupervised manner. Existing FC methods implicitly rely on the assumption that clients are with a known number of uniformly sized clusters. However, the true number of clusters is typically unknown, and cluster sizes are naturally imbalanced in real scenarios. Furthermore, the privacy-preserving transmission constraints in federated learning inevitably reduce usable information, making the development of robust and accurate FC extremely challenging. Accordingly, we propose a novel FC framework named Fed-$k^*$-HC, which can automatically determine an optimal number of clusters $k^*$ based on the data distribution explored through hierarchical clustering. To obtain the global data distribution for $k^*$ determination, we let each client generate micro-subclusters. Their prototypes are then uploaded to the server for hierarchical merging. The density-based merging design allows exploring clusters of varying sizes and shapes, and the progressive merging process can self-terminate according to the neighboring relationships among the prototypes to determine $k^*$. Extensive experiments on diverse datasets demonstrate the FC capability of the proposed Fed-$k^*$-HC in accurately exploring a proper number of clusters.
title Federated Hierarchical Clustering with Automatic Selection of Optimal Cluster Numbers
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12684