Functional CLT for general sample covariance matrices

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Cui, Jian, Liu, Zhijun, Hu, Jiang, Bai, Zhidong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Cui, Jian
Liu, Zhijun
Hu, Jiang
Bai, Zhidong
author_facet Cui, Jian
Liu, Zhijun
Hu, Jiang
Bai, Zhidong
contents This paper studies the central limit theorems (CLTs) for linear spectral statistics (LSSs) of general sample covariance matrices, when the test functions belong to $C^3$, the class of functions with continuous third order derivatives. We consider matrices of the form $B_n=(1/n)T_p^{1/2}X_nX_n^{*}T_p^{1/2},$ where $X_n= (x_{i j} ) $ is a $p \times n$ matrix whose entries are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) real or complex random variables, and $T_p$ is a $p\times p$ nonrandom Hermitian nonnegative definite matrix with its spectral norm uniformly bounded in $p$. By using Bernstein polynomial approximation, we show that, under $\mathbb{E}|x_{ij}|^{8}<\infty$, the centered LSSs of $B_n$ have Gaussian limits. Under the stronger $\mathbb{E}|x_{ij}|^{10}<\infty$, we further establish convergence rates $O(n^{-1/2+κ})$ in Kolmogorov--Smirnov $O(n^{-1/2+κ})$, for any fixed $κ>0$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_12780
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Functional CLT for general sample covariance matrices
Cui, Jian
Liu, Zhijun
Hu, Jiang
Bai, Zhidong
Statistics Theory
Probability
This paper studies the central limit theorems (CLTs) for linear spectral statistics (LSSs) of general sample covariance matrices, when the test functions belong to $C^3$, the class of functions with continuous third order derivatives. We consider matrices of the form $B_n=(1/n)T_p^{1/2}X_nX_n^{*}T_p^{1/2},$ where $X_n= (x_{i j} ) $ is a $p \times n$ matrix whose entries are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) real or complex random variables, and $T_p$ is a $p\times p$ nonrandom Hermitian nonnegative definite matrix with its spectral norm uniformly bounded in $p$. By using Bernstein polynomial approximation, we show that, under $\mathbb{E}|x_{ij}|^{8}<\infty$, the centered LSSs of $B_n$ have Gaussian limits. Under the stronger $\mathbb{E}|x_{ij}|^{10}<\infty$, we further establish convergence rates $O(n^{-1/2+κ})$ in Kolmogorov--Smirnov $O(n^{-1/2+κ})$, for any fixed $κ>0$.
title Functional CLT for general sample covariance matrices
topic Statistics Theory
Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12780