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Main Authors: Volz, Lennart, Hetzel, Ronja, Dick, Maximilian, Martire, Maria Chiara, Li, Guangru, Schuy, Christoph, Ballouz, Sali, Simard, Mikael, Shaikh, Saad, Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine, Wagner, Tim, Galonska, Michael, Patushenko, Andrii, Hollinger, Ralph, Maimone, Fabio, Stadlmann, Jens, Bozyk, Lars, Ondreka, David, Savazzi, Simone, Pullia, Marco, Durante, Marco, Graeff, Christian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12975
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author Volz, Lennart
Hetzel, Ronja
Dick, Maximilian
Martire, Maria Chiara
Li, Guangru
Schuy, Christoph
Ballouz, Sali
Simard, Mikael
Shaikh, Saad
Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine
Wagner, Tim
Galonska, Michael
Patushenko, Andrii
Hollinger, Ralph
Maimone, Fabio
Stadlmann, Jens
Bozyk, Lars
Ondreka, David
Savazzi, Simone
Pullia, Marco
Durante, Marco
Graeff, Christian
author_facet Volz, Lennart
Hetzel, Ronja
Dick, Maximilian
Martire, Maria Chiara
Li, Guangru
Schuy, Christoph
Ballouz, Sali
Simard, Mikael
Shaikh, Saad
Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine
Wagner, Tim
Galonska, Michael
Patushenko, Andrii
Hollinger, Ralph
Maimone, Fabio
Stadlmann, Jens
Bozyk, Lars
Ondreka, David
Savazzi, Simone
Pullia, Marco
Durante, Marco
Graeff, Christian
contents Carbon ion therapy is one of the most advanced forms of radiotherapy, promising improved efficacy against resistant cancers. However, the high precision offered by the carbon ion Bragg peak requires precise knowledge of the beam range inside the patient. We report the first experimental realization of range monitoring and portal imaging with a mixed ion beam, where carbon ions are treating the tumor while helium ions simultaneously accelerated to the same velocity fully traverse the patient and provide treatment feedback. Using the GSI synchrotron, a beam of 12C3+ and 4He1+ ions is accelerated, exploiting their nearly identical charge-to-mass ratios. Stable extraction with controlled helium fractions down to 7% is demonstrated. Beam characterization reveals that the helium ion Bragg peak can be cleanly separated from the carbon ion fragment background which enables accurate detection of sub-millimeter Bragg peak displacements. Mixed-beam radiographs of a lung-cancer-like phantom offer target position detection to better than 0.5 mm accuracy. This establishes mixed beams as a powerful modality for real-time image guidance in carbon ion therapy, uniquely providing simultaneous treatment delivery, range probing, and portal imaging. By overcoming range uncertainty inside the patient, mixed beams will enable to fully exploit the precision of carbon ion therapy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_12975
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mixed Ion Beams Enable Simultaneous Treatment and Real-Time Imaging in Carbon Ion Therapy
Volz, Lennart
Hetzel, Ronja
Dick, Maximilian
Martire, Maria Chiara
Li, Guangru
Schuy, Christoph
Ballouz, Sali
Simard, Mikael
Shaikh, Saad
Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine
Wagner, Tim
Galonska, Michael
Patushenko, Andrii
Hollinger, Ralph
Maimone, Fabio
Stadlmann, Jens
Bozyk, Lars
Ondreka, David
Savazzi, Simone
Pullia, Marco
Durante, Marco
Graeff, Christian
Medical Physics
Carbon ion therapy is one of the most advanced forms of radiotherapy, promising improved efficacy against resistant cancers. However, the high precision offered by the carbon ion Bragg peak requires precise knowledge of the beam range inside the patient. We report the first experimental realization of range monitoring and portal imaging with a mixed ion beam, where carbon ions are treating the tumor while helium ions simultaneously accelerated to the same velocity fully traverse the patient and provide treatment feedback. Using the GSI synchrotron, a beam of 12C3+ and 4He1+ ions is accelerated, exploiting their nearly identical charge-to-mass ratios. Stable extraction with controlled helium fractions down to 7% is demonstrated. Beam characterization reveals that the helium ion Bragg peak can be cleanly separated from the carbon ion fragment background which enables accurate detection of sub-millimeter Bragg peak displacements. Mixed-beam radiographs of a lung-cancer-like phantom offer target position detection to better than 0.5 mm accuracy. This establishes mixed beams as a powerful modality for real-time image guidance in carbon ion therapy, uniquely providing simultaneous treatment delivery, range probing, and portal imaging. By overcoming range uncertainty inside the patient, mixed beams will enable to fully exploit the precision of carbon ion therapy.
title Mixed Ion Beams Enable Simultaneous Treatment and Real-Time Imaging in Carbon Ion Therapy
topic Medical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12975