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Main Authors: Liu, Ziyu, Ding, Shengyuan, Fang, Xinyu, Dai, Xuanlang, Yang, Penghui, Liang, Jianze, Wang, Jiaqi, Chen, Kai, Lin, Dahua, Zang, Yuhang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13224
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author Liu, Ziyu
Ding, Shengyuan
Fang, Xinyu
Dai, Xuanlang
Yang, Penghui
Liang, Jianze
Wang, Jiaqi
Chen, Kai
Lin, Dahua
Zang, Yuhang
author_facet Liu, Ziyu
Ding, Shengyuan
Fang, Xinyu
Dai, Xuanlang
Yang, Penghui
Liang, Jianze
Wang, Jiaqi
Chen, Kai
Lin, Dahua
Zang, Yuhang
contents Vision-to-code tasks require models to reconstruct structured visual inputs, such as charts, tables, and SVGs, into executable or structured representations with high visual fidelity. While recent Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong results via supervised fine-tuning, reinforcement learning remains challenging due to misaligned reward signals. Existing rewards either rely on textual rules or coarse visual embedding similarity, both of which fail to capture fine-grained visual discrepancies and are vulnerable to reward hacking. We propose Visual Equivalence Reward Model (Visual-ERM), a multimodal generative reward model that provides fine-grained, interpretable, and task-agnostic feedback to evaluate vision-to-code quality directly in the rendered visual space. Integrated into RL, Visual-ERM improves Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct by +8.4 on chart-to-code and yields consistent gains on table and SVG parsing (+2.7, +4.1 on average), and further strengthens test-time scaling via reflection and revision. We also introduce VisualCritic-RewardBench (VC-RewardBench), a benchmark for judging fine-grained image-to-image discrepancies on structured visual data, where Visual-ERM at 8B decisively outperforms Qwen3-VL-235B-Instruct and approaches leading closed-source models. Our results suggest that fine-grained visual reward supervision is both necessary and sufficient for vision-to-code RL, regardless of task specificity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_13224
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Visual-ERM: Reward Modeling for Visual Equivalence
Liu, Ziyu
Ding, Shengyuan
Fang, Xinyu
Dai, Xuanlang
Yang, Penghui
Liang, Jianze
Wang, Jiaqi
Chen, Kai
Lin, Dahua
Zang, Yuhang
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Vision-to-code tasks require models to reconstruct structured visual inputs, such as charts, tables, and SVGs, into executable or structured representations with high visual fidelity. While recent Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong results via supervised fine-tuning, reinforcement learning remains challenging due to misaligned reward signals. Existing rewards either rely on textual rules or coarse visual embedding similarity, both of which fail to capture fine-grained visual discrepancies and are vulnerable to reward hacking. We propose Visual Equivalence Reward Model (Visual-ERM), a multimodal generative reward model that provides fine-grained, interpretable, and task-agnostic feedback to evaluate vision-to-code quality directly in the rendered visual space. Integrated into RL, Visual-ERM improves Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct by +8.4 on chart-to-code and yields consistent gains on table and SVG parsing (+2.7, +4.1 on average), and further strengthens test-time scaling via reflection and revision. We also introduce VisualCritic-RewardBench (VC-RewardBench), a benchmark for judging fine-grained image-to-image discrepancies on structured visual data, where Visual-ERM at 8B decisively outperforms Qwen3-VL-235B-Instruct and approaches leading closed-source models. Our results suggest that fine-grained visual reward supervision is both necessary and sufficient for vision-to-code RL, regardless of task specificity.
title Visual-ERM: Reward Modeling for Visual Equivalence
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13224