GPrune-LLM: Generalization-Aware Structured Pruning for Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Liu, Xiaoyun, Saxena, Divya, Cao, Jiannong, Zhao, Yuqing, Dong, Yiying, Ruan, Penghui
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Liu, Xiaoyun
Saxena, Divya
Cao, Jiannong
Zhao, Yuqing
Dong, Yiying
Ruan, Penghui
author_facet Liu, Xiaoyun
Saxena, Divya
Cao, Jiannong
Zhao, Yuqing
Dong, Yiying
Ruan, Penghui
contents Structured pruning is widely used to compress large language models (LLMs), yet its effectiveness depends heavily on neuron importance estimation. Most existing methods estimate neuron importance from activation statistics on a single calibration dataset, which introduces calibration bias and degrades downstream cross-task generalization. We observe that neurons exhibit heterogeneous distribution sensitivity, with distribution-robust neurons maintaining consistent rankings across datasets and distribution-sensitive neurons showing high cross-dataset ranking variance. Based on this, we identify two structural limitations in existing methods. First, ranking all neurons within a shared space causes distribution-sensitive neurons that strongly activate on calibration inputs to dominate, crowding out distribution-robust neurons critical for out-of-distribution tasks. Second, applying activation-based importance metrics uniformly can be unreliable. Distribution-sensitive neurons that infrequently activate on calibration data receive insufficient activation signal for accurate local ranking. To address these limitations, we propose GPrune-LLM, a generalization-aware structured pruning framework that explicitly accounts for neuron differences in cross-distribution behavior. We first partition neurons into behavior-consistent modules to localize ranking competition, then evaluate activation-based metric reliability per module according to distribution sensitivity and score magnitude. For modules where activation-based scoring is unreliable, we switch to an activation-independent metric. Finally, we adaptively learn module-wise sparsity. Extensive experiments across multiple downstream tasks demonstrate GPrune-LLM's consistent improvements in post-compression generalization, particularly at high sparsity, and reduced dependence on importance metric choice.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_13418
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle GPrune-LLM: Generalization-Aware Structured Pruning for Large Language Models
Liu, Xiaoyun
Saxena, Divya
Cao, Jiannong
Zhao, Yuqing
Dong, Yiying
Ruan, Penghui
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Structured pruning is widely used to compress large language models (LLMs), yet its effectiveness depends heavily on neuron importance estimation. Most existing methods estimate neuron importance from activation statistics on a single calibration dataset, which introduces calibration bias and degrades downstream cross-task generalization. We observe that neurons exhibit heterogeneous distribution sensitivity, with distribution-robust neurons maintaining consistent rankings across datasets and distribution-sensitive neurons showing high cross-dataset ranking variance. Based on this, we identify two structural limitations in existing methods. First, ranking all neurons within a shared space causes distribution-sensitive neurons that strongly activate on calibration inputs to dominate, crowding out distribution-robust neurons critical for out-of-distribution tasks. Second, applying activation-based importance metrics uniformly can be unreliable. Distribution-sensitive neurons that infrequently activate on calibration data receive insufficient activation signal for accurate local ranking. To address these limitations, we propose GPrune-LLM, a generalization-aware structured pruning framework that explicitly accounts for neuron differences in cross-distribution behavior. We first partition neurons into behavior-consistent modules to localize ranking competition, then evaluate activation-based metric reliability per module according to distribution sensitivity and score magnitude. For modules where activation-based scoring is unreliable, we switch to an activation-independent metric. Finally, we adaptively learn module-wise sparsity. Extensive experiments across multiple downstream tasks demonstrate GPrune-LLM's consistent improvements in post-compression generalization, particularly at high sparsity, and reduced dependence on importance metric choice.
title GPrune-LLM: Generalization-Aware Structured Pruning for Large Language Models
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13418