Generalized projection tests for function-valued parameters with applications to testing structural causal assumptions

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Wang, Rui, Osom, Albert, Zhang, Bo
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Wang, Rui
Osom, Albert
Zhang, Bo
author_facet Wang, Rui
Osom, Albert
Zhang, Bo
contents Structural assumptions are central to the causal inference literature. In practice, it is often crucial to assess their validity or to test implications that follow from them. In many settings, such tests can be framed as evaluating whether a function-valued parameter equals zero. In this paper, we propose a class of generalized projection tests based on series estimators for function-valued parameters. We establish conditions under which the proposed tests are valid and illustrate their applicability through examples from the data fusion and instrumental variables literature. Our approach accommodates flexible machine learning methods for estimating nuisance parameters. In contrast to many existing approaches, the limiting distribution of the proposed test statistics is straightforward to compute under the null hypothesis. We apply our method to test the equality of conditional COVID-19 risk across vaccine arms in the COVID-19 Variant Immunologic Landscape (COVAIL) trial.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_13681
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Generalized projection tests for function-valued parameters with applications to testing structural causal assumptions
Wang, Rui
Osom, Albert
Zhang, Bo
Methodology
Statistics Theory
Structural assumptions are central to the causal inference literature. In practice, it is often crucial to assess their validity or to test implications that follow from them. In many settings, such tests can be framed as evaluating whether a function-valued parameter equals zero. In this paper, we propose a class of generalized projection tests based on series estimators for function-valued parameters. We establish conditions under which the proposed tests are valid and illustrate their applicability through examples from the data fusion and instrumental variables literature. Our approach accommodates flexible machine learning methods for estimating nuisance parameters. In contrast to many existing approaches, the limiting distribution of the proposed test statistics is straightforward to compute under the null hypothesis. We apply our method to test the equality of conditional COVID-19 risk across vaccine arms in the COVID-19 Variant Immunologic Landscape (COVAIL) trial.
title Generalized projection tests for function-valued parameters with applications to testing structural causal assumptions
topic Methodology
Statistics Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13681