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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13827 |
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| _version_ | 1866911515201765376 |
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| author | Chandra, Aveek Paensin, Narongrit Dumke, Rainer |
| author_facet | Chandra, Aveek Paensin, Narongrit Dumke, Rainer |
| contents | Rydberg-atom electric field sensing has shown great potential from near-DC to THz with state-of-the-art measurement metrics realized in sensitivity, phase extraction, multi-band receptivity, etc. While Rydberg-atom sensors have shown exceptional performance in the GHz regime, low-frequency operation has remained challenging because of electric-field-screening in conventional vapor cells, which suppresses externally applied fields. We overcome this limitation by combining auxiliary modulation and lock-in detection with a paraffin-coated vapor cell, and demonstrate an electrode-free, wideband method for sensing frequencies, ranging from 0.5 Hz to 10 kHz. Our work extends Rydberg-atom sensor range to VLF, ULF, SLF, ELF and sub-ELF frequency bands. In our method, high state-of-the-art sensitivities have been achieved - 819 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 1 Hz, 33 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 10 Hz, 10 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 100 Hz and 2 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 1 kHz. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_13827 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Electrometry of extremely-low frequencies from kHz to sub-Hz with a Rydberg-atom sensor Chandra, Aveek Paensin, Narongrit Dumke, Rainer Quantum Physics Applied Physics Atomic Physics Rydberg-atom electric field sensing has shown great potential from near-DC to THz with state-of-the-art measurement metrics realized in sensitivity, phase extraction, multi-band receptivity, etc. While Rydberg-atom sensors have shown exceptional performance in the GHz regime, low-frequency operation has remained challenging because of electric-field-screening in conventional vapor cells, which suppresses externally applied fields. We overcome this limitation by combining auxiliary modulation and lock-in detection with a paraffin-coated vapor cell, and demonstrate an electrode-free, wideband method for sensing frequencies, ranging from 0.5 Hz to 10 kHz. Our work extends Rydberg-atom sensor range to VLF, ULF, SLF, ELF and sub-ELF frequency bands. In our method, high state-of-the-art sensitivities have been achieved - 819 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 1 Hz, 33 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 10 Hz, 10 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 100 Hz and 2 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 1 kHz. |
| title | Electrometry of extremely-low frequencies from kHz to sub-Hz with a Rydberg-atom sensor |
| topic | Quantum Physics Applied Physics Atomic Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13827 |