CT-Conditioned Diffusion Prior with Physics-Constrained Sampling for PET Super-Resolution

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yang, Liutao, Wang, Zi, Jing, Peiyuan, Wang, Xiaowen, Montoya-Zegarra, Javier A., Shi, Kuangyu, Zhang, Daoqiang, Yang, Guang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Yang, Liutao
Wang, Zi
Jing, Peiyuan
Wang, Xiaowen
Montoya-Zegarra, Javier A.
Shi, Kuangyu
Zhang, Daoqiang
Yang, Guang
author_facet Yang, Liutao
Wang, Zi
Jing, Peiyuan
Wang, Xiaowen
Montoya-Zegarra, Javier A.
Shi, Kuangyu
Zhang, Daoqiang
Yang, Guang
contents PET super-resolution is highly under-constrained because paired multi-resolution scans from the same subject are rarely available, and effective resolution is determined by scanner-specific physics (e.g., PSF, detector geometry, and acquisition settings). This limits supervised end-to-end training and makes purely image-domain generative restoration prone to hallucinated structures when anatomical and physical constraints are weak. We formulate PET super-resolution as posterior inference under heterogeneous system configurations and propose a CT-conditioned diffusion framework with physics-constrained sampling. During training, a conditional diffusion prior is learned from high-quality PET/CT pairs using cross-attention for anatomical guidance, without requiring paired LR--HR PET data. During inference, measurement consistency is enforced through a scanner-aware forward model with explicit PSF effects and gradient-based data-consistency refinement. Under both standard and OOD settings, the proposed method consistently improves experimental metrics and lesion-level clinical relevance indicators over strong baselines, while reducing hallucination artifacts and improving structural fidelity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_13901
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CT-Conditioned Diffusion Prior with Physics-Constrained Sampling for PET Super-Resolution
Yang, Liutao
Wang, Zi
Jing, Peiyuan
Wang, Xiaowen
Montoya-Zegarra, Javier A.
Shi, Kuangyu
Zhang, Daoqiang
Yang, Guang
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
PET super-resolution is highly under-constrained because paired multi-resolution scans from the same subject are rarely available, and effective resolution is determined by scanner-specific physics (e.g., PSF, detector geometry, and acquisition settings). This limits supervised end-to-end training and makes purely image-domain generative restoration prone to hallucinated structures when anatomical and physical constraints are weak. We formulate PET super-resolution as posterior inference under heterogeneous system configurations and propose a CT-conditioned diffusion framework with physics-constrained sampling. During training, a conditional diffusion prior is learned from high-quality PET/CT pairs using cross-attention for anatomical guidance, without requiring paired LR--HR PET data. During inference, measurement consistency is enforced through a scanner-aware forward model with explicit PSF effects and gradient-based data-consistency refinement. Under both standard and OOD settings, the proposed method consistently improves experimental metrics and lesion-level clinical relevance indicators over strong baselines, while reducing hallucination artifacts and improving structural fidelity.
title CT-Conditioned Diffusion Prior with Physics-Constrained Sampling for PET Super-Resolution
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13901