Understanding Strategic Platform Entry and Seller Exploration: A Stackelberg Model

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Seo, Garrett, Wang, Xintong, Parkes, David C.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Seo, Garrett
Wang, Xintong
Parkes, David C.
author_facet Seo, Garrett
Wang, Xintong
Parkes, David C.
contents Online market platforms play an increasingly powerful role in the economy. An empirical phenomenon is that platforms, such as Amazon, Apple, and DoorDash, also enter their own marketplaces, imitating successful products developed by third-party sellers. We formulate a Stackelberg model, where the platform acts as the leader by committing to an entry policy: when will it enter and compete on a product? We study this model through a theoretical and computational framework. We begin with a single seller, and consider different kinds of policies for entry. We characterize the seller's optimal explore-exploit strategy via a Gittins-index policy, and give an algorithm to compute the platform's optimal entry policy. We then consider multiple sellers, to account for competition and information spillover. Here, the Gittins-index characterization fails, and we employ deep reinforcement learning to examine seller equilibrium behavior. Our findings highlight the incentives that drive platform entry and seller innovation, consistent with empirical evidence from markets such as Amazon and Google Play, with implications for regulatory efforts to preserve innovation and market diversity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_14206
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Understanding Strategic Platform Entry and Seller Exploration: A Stackelberg Model
Seo, Garrett
Wang, Xintong
Parkes, David C.
Multiagent Systems
Computer Science and Game Theory
Online market platforms play an increasingly powerful role in the economy. An empirical phenomenon is that platforms, such as Amazon, Apple, and DoorDash, also enter their own marketplaces, imitating successful products developed by third-party sellers. We formulate a Stackelberg model, where the platform acts as the leader by committing to an entry policy: when will it enter and compete on a product? We study this model through a theoretical and computational framework. We begin with a single seller, and consider different kinds of policies for entry. We characterize the seller's optimal explore-exploit strategy via a Gittins-index policy, and give an algorithm to compute the platform's optimal entry policy. We then consider multiple sellers, to account for competition and information spillover. Here, the Gittins-index characterization fails, and we employ deep reinforcement learning to examine seller equilibrium behavior. Our findings highlight the incentives that drive platform entry and seller innovation, consistent with empirical evidence from markets such as Amazon and Google Play, with implications for regulatory efforts to preserve innovation and market diversity.
title Understanding Strategic Platform Entry and Seller Exploration: A Stackelberg Model
topic Multiagent Systems
Computer Science and Game Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14206